CMS 358 1st EditionExam 2 Study GuideExam 2 Review Sheet Chapter 5: Dimensions of Communication What are the dimensions of communication that vary with intimacy? 1. narrow- broad- the more intimate your relationship is the more different topics you can discuss, you have a more narrow amount of information if your relationship is decaying 2. stylized- unique- stylized is when language is predictable and nothing specialized about the way it is communicated, the idea that your communication is predetermined, you can communicate in a way that you talk with people, unique is more specialized and intimate: pet names, funny nicknames, inside jokes, idioms3. difficult-efficient- when you are less intimate with someone communications takeless work, involves the effort, when you are intimate you can be more efficient 4. rigid-flexible- less intimate relationships are, the less rigid and more flexible- topics you can discuss at the dinner table, and when there are intimate and personal questions you can’t ask5. awkward- smooth-when relationships are intimate they can be smooth, awkwardcan be awkward without being difficult6. public-personal- behaviors that they would do in a public setting- when you are more intimate with someone you behave differently in more private situations, physical behaviors are done when you are intimate with someone, little weird habits7. hesitant- spontaneous- you might be worried about how someone may judge youo you take time to think before talking8. Overt- Judgements- suspended → overt judgement given: if you are in an intimate relationship you are less likely to be upfront and truthful in giving your judgementsWhat are the patterns of verbal communication in/distressed/non distressed couplesA. Negative Affect Reciprocity: a. dissatisfied couples do more of thisb. when one of them shows negative emotions, the other shows negative emotions as well: reciprocity is so closeB. Demand/ Withdrawal- was once called “nag and withdrawal” - someone might not want to change their withdraw, when the demand is hostile and don’t want to admit they are actually wrong 1. when one is demanding and one is withdrawing there can be a switch What are psychological patterns? A. Gender Differences- women’s health suffers more than men does when they have conflicts while men become more aroused than women doB. Evolutionary reasons: men needed to save their tribe when conflict erupted- men who survived were psychologically aroused during their fightArgumentativeness: measures how much you like to argue and engage in verbal banter, person who likes to discuss and argue, if you are high in argumentative it means you engage in arguments and you are comfortable in that Verbal Aggressions: nasty, verbal attacks, somebody who attacks people in negative ways, they can do obnoxious insults and and going at with wordsExplain Verbal Communication: A. Intent and Impact- when you compare satisfied couples and disatissfied, the intent is not that different but the impact is. Dissatisfied couples are not laying uplate at night thinking about: “How can I speak tomorrow to annoy my partner?” but they do communicate in different ways and the way they communicate does have an impact 1. cross-complaining- dissatisfied couples do more cross-complaining, cross-complaining is when one person puts in forth a complaint and the next person puts forth another complaint. The complaints go across eachother. They are problem solving but complaining2. non-validation- dissatisfied couples do more non-validation. validation in communication is showing appreciation for what your partner is trying to say. You dont have to say that the other person is right. Non-validation means, “I dontappreciate what you are trying to say. I dont understand what you are saying” 3. counter-proposals: when someone is trying to fix something in the relationship and the other person will counter it, this happens more in unhappy couples. The person stating the proposal is either focused on being right or focused on servingher personally4. mindreading: this is verbal mindreading. Finishing someone’s thought, or saying, “I know you think I am wrong…” Both satisfied and dissatisfied couples do more positive mind reading but dissatisfied couples do more negative mindreading. negative means when the content is negative. positive is, I know you love me… I know you would love pizza for tonight.” Dissatisfied couples assume more negative about the other person in conversation5. metacommunication- communicating about your communication, dissatisfied get more bogged down doing meta-communication… this is saying, “I don’t like when you speak to me that way”6. Self-summarizing- summarize what they were trying to say, dissatisfied couples do more of this, if they feel like they aren’t heard they will say it again and again What are the behavioral sequences: 1. demand- withdraw pattern- first called the nag-withdrawal sequence, one person nags and the other backs off… may change the subject/ leave the room 1. studies show women nag more than men 2. couples that engage in this behavior early on will do it even more in the future3. validation- they are not learning from eachother 2. negative affect reciprocity-this is done more by unhappy, the lack of positivity, negative socioemotional- frowning, yelling, roll their eyes How do you decode- Nonverbal Communication?A. Decoding: Point 1: lots of decoding testing relies on lying and deception. People in close relationships aren’t necessarily better at decoding because there is a truth bias when you are in a close relationship. This is when one partner assumes their is telling the truth. There is not much of a difference between acquaintances telling if someone is lying or a partner. If you are a more satisfied couples are better at decoding verbal cues and detaching emotions… better than dissatisfied couples that are not very in love (if unhappy they might be reading into cues poorly)Point 2: if you look at couples that are satisfied/ in love with unsatisfied/not in love, bothhusband and wife that are happy and in love are better at decodingB. Encoding: sending out messages, studies show that one couples is better at encoding the other partner has less complaints and is happier, there was a study that found that those dissatisfied couples were able to decode the nonverbal acquaintance of a stranger but were bad with their own romantic couples= this a