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UH BIOL 1344 - female reproductive system
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BIOL 1344 Lecture 26Outline of Last Lecture I. Conditions of the TestesII. Other Reproductive Male Organs III. Sperm Formation Outline of Current Lecture IV. Anatomy of the Female Reproductive SystemA. Internal and External GenitaliaB. OvariesC. UterusD. CervixE. VaginaV. Ovarian CycleCurrent LectureFemale Reproductive System: has cyclic changes and menopause. There are two main types of cycles. The estrous cycle is displayed in non-primates, there is no discharge from the uterus and the female is only receptive to the male during breeding season. The menstrual cycle is in humans and apes, there is discharge from the uterus due to sloughing of the uterine tissues andit is on a 28 day cycle. Internal Genitalia: in the pelvic cavity there is the pair of ovaries, paired fallopian tubes/oviducts, uterus, and vaginal tube. External Genitalia: mons pubis, and the vulva which encompasses (clitoris, labia majora and minora, vestibule, and vagina)Ovaries: roughly almond size and shape, attached to the mesovarium which is a double fold of peritoneum. Peritoneal layer suspends and anchors the ovaries. Suspendory ligament attaches ovaries to the lateral body wall. Ovarian ligament attaches to the broad ligament of uterus. Ovarian cysts are fluid filled and viable ovum are not produced. Uterus: pear sized and shaped in a non-pregnant woman. The broad ligament is the major one. Round ligament connects the uterus to the labia. Utero-sacral ligament attaches the inferior These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.uterus to sacrum. The uterus should be ante-verted. With age it can become retroverted. Prolapse of uterus can also occur with weakened ligaments, this is when the uterus projects intothe vagina, it is a painful condition. 2/3rds of the vagina develops from genitalia in the embryonic stage. The other third is the outerportion formed by invagination. In some cases the vagina can be a blind pouch which means it isnot connected with the internal genitalia and the woman cannot get pregnant. 1/4000 births the vagina is absent, this is call Mayer, Rakitonsky, Kuster, and Hauser condition.Cervix: secretes mucus which can be used to determine If the person has ovulated. If the cell pattern is spread out, this is thin mucus and progesterone is present so the person has ovulated.If the cells create a fern pattern, this is thick, there is no progesterone, instead there is estradiol 17/3 which is a female hormone and there was no ovulation. A pap smear (papanicolaou) is used to test for cervical cancer. Vagina: no mucus, acidic (uterus – glycogen – lactic acid) contains the greater vestibular glands or Bartholin glands.There are about 7 million primordial follicles before birth but only about 1.5 million left at the time of birth due to follicular atresia. There is no mitosis in the uterus so the number only decreases. The primordial follicles goes through prophase I of Meiosis I to a primary follicle, secondary follicle, then to a Graafian cell. Menarche is the 1st month of menstruation, then cell division which had been stopped from birth continues from this point. Unlike sperm, eggs are as old as the woman because they are not continually created. At ovulation, the Graafian follicle ruptures resulting in a secondary oocyte and discharge follicle. Only 1 Graafian follicle matures each month (out of the 1.5 million) so only about 500 follicles mature over a woman’s lifetime, the rest die. Each month 8-25 follicles start maturing but only 1 remains, the mature 1 is most sensitive to FSH. The ovariancycle is roughly days 1-5 are menstruation, this period is the pre-ovulatory phase or follicular phase, day 14 is ovulation and then the post-ovulatory phase or Luteal phase. Proliterative phase starts after menstruation ends then the secretory phase takes


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UH BIOL 1344 - female reproductive system

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