BIOL 1344 Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture I. Body Fluids and Water LevelsII. Acids and Bases in the BodyIII. Introduction to Male Reproductive SystemOutline of Current Lecture I. Conditions of the TestesII. Other Reproductive Male Organs III. Sperm Formation Current LectureContinuing the lecture on the male reproductive system, mitosis occurs in testes but not in ovaries in the female. Unilateral anorchia is a condition where the person only has one testes. Bilateral anorchia, both are missing. Oligospermia means a low sperm count. Inside testes there are 250 lobules, seminiterous tubules, and rete testis. Leading out of the testis is the epididymiswhich is 18-20 feet, sperm are stored here for about 2 weeks and then if they are not expelled they are “eaten” through phagocytosis. Surrounding the testis is the tunica vaginalis with both parietal and visceral layers with a space filled with fluid between. If there is too much fluid around the testes this is called hydrocele. The inner layer from this is tunica albuginea. Hypospadia is a condition in which the urethra opens on the underside of penis, this can also bein females into the vagina. Seminal Vesicle: responsible for 65% of ejaculate which has prostaglandins, alkaline pH, fructose, and vesiculase (causes clotting of ejaculate) Prostate: 30-35% of ejaculate, citrate, acid phosphatase, fibrinolysin (causes liquefaction of ejaculate) PSA is prostate specific antigen, if it is high that is a marker for cancer or prostatisis (inflammation) It takes about 60-84 days to form sperm. Process goes from spermatogonium – primary spermatocyte – secondary spermatocyte – spermatid – goes through spermigenesis – sperm. Sertoli cells aka sustentacular cells secretes anti-mullerian hormone (male system), inhibin These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.(inhibits FSH which stimulates spermatogenesis) and androgen binding protein (transports testosterone). Leydig Cells are between tubules and are also known as interstitial cells. They produce testosterone and DHT (dihydrotestosterone) around 7-8 weeks of development. This results in male external genitalia. If DHT is missing, the baby will not be male. Penis – surrounded by tunica albuginea. Penile erection is through parasympathetic input but sympathetic input is needed for peristalsis in vas deferens. Voluntary skeletal muscles play a rolein ejaculation. Guanylate cyclase turns GTP into cGMP which pushes potassium out, cGMP turnsinto GMP, potassium channels close resulting in depolarization, contraction, vasoconstriction, and the erection is terminated. In the testes there are dartos and cremaster muscles which bothrelax when they get too hot. The head of sperm is acrosome: hyaluronidase helps to penetrate the zona pellucide in the vagina. Sperm travels about 3-5
View Full Document
Unlocking...