Geology 1350 Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. Air PollutionOutline of Current Lecture Current LectureChemical Transformation: Highest Ozone (O3) and formaldehyde (CH2O) values are always associated with petrochemical plumes, Reactivity is because of petrochemical emissions of light alkenes boundary layer and land sea breeze, convergence stagnation caseozone- historical perspective- montsouris (paris) vs arkona (island or Baltic sea) primary naaqs- protects human healthsecondary naaqs- protects human welfareacid rain and fog- Atmospheric concentrations of CO2 make rainfall slightly acidic (H2CO3) between pH of 5.0 and 5.6, but power plant emissions of SO2 and car exhaust of NOx form additional acids (H2SO4, HNO3) that may drop rainfall acidity from pH 5-5.6 to pH 4.0- 4.5 in the northeastern U.S.Impacts of Acid Rain & Fog– Atmospheric transport of acidic gases and condensation nuclei ends when rain droplets precipitate due to orographic features or fog is scrubbed by mountaintop trees.Wind & Air Pollution -Wind may move along and dilute pollutants through advection and turbulent mixing, slow winds- the pollutants become more concentrated.Pollutants & Radiation Inversions- Radiation temperature inversions, often lasting only a few hours at morning with warm air above cold, creates a stable atmosphere and traps pollutants at the surface.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Pollution & Subsidence Inversions -Subsidence inversions may last for several days, which can create major pollution threats by reducing the mixing depth and layer, forcing a build-up of unwanted pollutants in the urban environment.Pollutants & Topography-Air movement from higher hills to valleys can strengthen preexisting surface inversions, as well as carry pollutants downhill, particularly in the colder months, Los Angeles and Santiago de Chile - air pollution is exacerbated by topography.Ozone in the Stratosphere-UV radiation has enough energy to adversely impact the health of plants and animals and humans, naturally occurring ozone in the stratosphere can block the most harmful UV radiation from entering the troposphere.Effects of CFCs on Global Ozone Layer- Properties of CFCs Balances among flammability, toxicity and atmospheric lifetime for methane to butane derivatives and the dependence on molecular content as hydrogen, chlorine and
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