BIOL 460 1st Edition Lecture 27Outline of Last Lecture I. Blood Pressure a. Hypertension II. Respiratory Systema. Respiration b. Lung c. Diaphragm d. Boyle’s LawOutline of Current Lecture I. Boyle’s LawII. SpirometerIII. Lung Diseases a. Restrictive b. ObstructiveIV. Gas exchange in LungsV. Starlings Forces Current Lecture1. Boyles Lawa. P=1/Vb. Average atmospheric pressure 760 mmHgc. Inhalationi. Contract inspiratory muscles (diaphragm)ii. Increases volumeiii. Decreases pressure (757 mmHg)iv. Air moves from high to low pressured. Exhalationi. Expiratory muscles (rather unimportant in normal breathing)ii. Mostly elastic recoiliii. Volume down, pressure increases to 763 mmHgiv. Table 16.1 – intrapleural pressure always lower than intrapulmonic pressure, l lungs can never completely collapsev. Collapse1. Only in pneumothorax2. Air in intrapleural space3. Gunshot wound, stab wound, scubaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.2. Spirometera. Measures breathb. Spirometry – breathing measurementsc. Measures vital capacity – air you can blow into spirometerd. Tidal volume – normal breathinge. Inspiratory reserve – how much more air you can breathe in than tidal volumef. Expiratory reserve volume – how much is left until you hit residual volumeg. Vital capacity – inhale until it hurts3. Lung Diseasesa. Restrictivei. Vital capacity less than normalii. Due to damage to lung tissuesiii. Pulmonary fibrosis: deposition of connective tissue fibers in tissues of lungsb. Obstructivei. Vital capacity is normalii. No damage to tissueiii. Difficult to exhaleiv. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)1. 5th leading cause of death in US2. Chronic bronchitis (inflammation = bronchoconstriction)3. Asthma4. Emphysemav. Diagnose COPD via forced expiratory volume (% of vital capacity exhaled in first second)4. Gas Exchange in the lungsa. Air pressure at sea level is 760 mmHgb. Dalton’s law: total pressure = sum of all of the partial pressuresc. Partial pressure directly proportional to amount of air that gas holdsd. Air is 21% O2 (.21)(760) = 159 mmHge. 79% N2 (0.79)(760) = 593 mmHgf. Alveolar Airi. Fresh air mixes with old airii. Partial pressures differentg. Blood gas measurements measured by blood gas analyzeri. O2 electrodeii. Only sees blood dissolved in plasmaiii. Normal healthy person – 100mmHg O2h. ppO2 = 100mmHgi. plasma or water holds 0.3mL O2/100mLii. Henry’s law: amount of gas dissolved in fluid is approximately solubility*partial pressure/Temperatureiii. Double pp, double gas dissolvedi. 100mL blood at ppO2 100mmHgi. 20mL O2/100mL bloodii. 0.3mL in plasmaiii. 19.7mL bound to hemoglobiniv. hemoglobin is 97% saturated with O2j. Taking O2i. 100% ppO2 – 760 mmHgii. 1.5mL O2 dissolved in blood, 19.7mL bound to hemoglobin = 21.2 mL in bloodiii. Leads to more O2 in interstitial fluid because it isn’t boundiv. 5x increase of O2 in interstitial
View Full Document
Unlocking...