HIST 158 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last LectureI. Candidea. Ironyb. If not optimism?c. Pessimism?d. Refusing all systems of thought?e. Religious criticismf. Many critiquesOutline of Current LectureI. French Revolutiona. Generalb. Originsc. Monarchy to Republicd. Terror and ResistanceCurrent LectureI. French Revolutiona. Generali. Tried to put end to the ancient regime  stratified societyii. Peasants (in masses) go to Paris to beg the King for foodiii. Promise of universal human rights, constitutional government, broad based political participation  liberty, equality, fraternity1. Abolished nobility, executed King and Queeniv. Established Republic in France for the first time1. But also started a cycle of violence and intimidation, a “totalitarianregime”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Controlling all aspects of the citizen’s lives2. Also began a new era of more wars  to spread ideasb. Originsi. Estates general  1st, 2nd, 3rd estate1. France’s parliamentary assembly2. 1st estate- nobility3. 2nd estate- clergy4. 3rd estate- everyone else (95% of population)ii. Voting rules? By estate or by head?1. Traditionally, vote was by the estate but the 3rd estate wanted a head count because their vote would count for morea. They had doubled in numbersb. Otherwise, they would be 1-2 against 2nd and 3rd estatesc. Couldn’t agree so the 3rd estate created their own assemblyiii. National Assembly  new assembly of 3rd estate1. Tennis Court Oath – wouldn’t split up until they drafted and presented a new constitution to Franceiv. Jacques Necker – fired, supported 3rd estate, began revolutionv. Bastille – prison where King put his political opponents1. Revolutionaries attacked ita. Symbol of King’s power that was being threatenedc. From Monarchy to Republici. Constitutional monarchy- 3rd estate wanted this1. King would still be highest but there would be a constitution so that even the King would be under the country’s lawsii. 1792 War – Second revolution; deposed King and established a republiciii. Great Fear in countryside- had to reestablish orderiv. End of feudal regime- nobility gave up after being targeted/attacked by countrymen1. No more different classes/serfs2. No more varying taxesv. Declaration of Human Rights 1789- functioned as a constitution for the new country1. Did not put an end to the monarchy (revolutionaries didn’t want that)2. The royal family decides to flee unsuccessfullyvi. Execution of Louis XVI1. Conflict between Girondins and Montagnardsa. January 21, 1793b. “King is only a man and no man is above the law”d. Terror and Resistancei. Robespierre – took over government, established the Regime of Terrorii. Girondins- many were arrestediii. Cultural remodeling: de-Christianization, education, time and space, introduced legal divorceiv. Execution of Robespierre- July 17941. Most controversial character of the revolution because he believed strongly in the revolutionary principals but didn’t implement them on the basis of revolutionary ideasa. He executed or imprisoned people who didn’t share his beliefsi. Does not reflect a revolution founded on desire for