ANTH 110 1nd Edition Lecture 23 Outline of Last Lecture I. Paranthropus II. Australopithecus in South AfricaOutline of Current Lecture I. Tools II. Early Homo A. Homo rudolfensis and Homo habilisB. Pliocene/Pleistocene Epoch ii. Homo erectus/Homo ergaster Current Lecture I. Tools The first ever tools are referred to as Oldowan technology, discovered by Louis Leaky. These tools are made with water-worn volcanic rock. There are two main categories: cobbles (that can be worked into a chopper) and flakes. By hitting a cobble with another rock, it knocks off flakes, which are very sharp and used to remove meat. Cobbles and choppers we used to get marrow. II. Early Homo (2.5-1.4 m.y.a.) - Louis Leakey discovered a skull in 1964. - Contemporaneous with australopiths - Larger cranial capacity than Apiths: Early homo 20% larger- Teeth more modern than Apiths, but still bigger than oursA. Homo rudolfensis and Homo habilisThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Homo rudolfensis and Homo habilis were derived from the Austrolopiths. It has not been determined whether homo rudolfensis or homo habilis was our ancestor. One was a dead end, we believe. Homo rudolfensis has a flat face, a smaller brow ridge, and slightly larger cranial capacity. B. Pliocene/Pleistocene Epoch (1.8 m.y.a.)- Major adaptive shift in hominins - perhaps environmental or climatic shifts. - evidence of another African resident - larger body size and brain sizeii. Homo erectus/Homo ergaster (outside Africa - 1.8 m.y.a.-250 k.y.a.)- Ergaster is used to refer to erectus in Africa. They have a little bit smallerbrow and a rounder head.- Earliest African emigrants were descendents of east African erectus. They moved to follow food and resources, as we all do. Arrived in Indonesia in less than 200,000 years. - The most close to the present emigrants are from China. Classic homo erectus traits:- taller face, a little progmathic, teeth pattern much more like ourselves than Austropiths. - The first discovery of homo erectus was in 1890's in Indonesia by Dubois. - In the 1950's Ernest Mayr said that all these fossils found were of the same species.This is where homo erectus came from. - A discovery in the 1980's from Africa known as Nariokotome boy was a significant discovery . It was a nearly full skeleton of youth. He was tall and showed how erectus had evolvedfrom its ancestors. He had modern limb proportions. He had very thick cortical bone. This means the bone was much stronger. He also had a similar brain size to us. - An erectus was discovered in the country Georgia in the 1990's. (Known as Dmanisi
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