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UH BIOL 1344 - Body Fluids and Water Levels
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BIOL 1344 Lecture 24Outline of Last Lecture I. Transport Maximums and Thresholds of UrineII. Blood Flow through KidneysIII. MicturitionOutline of Current Lecture IV. Body Fluids and Water LevelsV. Acids and Bases in the BodyVI. Introduction to Male Reproductive SystemCurrent LectureFluids: body is 45-75% water by weight, average is 65%. Adipose tissue is about 20%, skeletal muscles about 75%. 2/3rds of water weight is intracellular fluid (ICF) and the other third is extracellular fluid (ECF). 2/3rds of the ECF is interstitial fluid while the other third is blood plasma. Edema is the accumulation of water outside the cells. Kwashiorkor is a condition which results in a swollen pot belly due to lack of proteins in the blood creating a hypotonic state. This means that water leaves the blood and enters interstitial fluid creating edema. Water Intake: approximately 700 ml from food, 1600 ml from drinking, 200 ml produced in the body from metabolic processes (more water is created from fats rather than carbohydrates). Water Loss: approximately 500 ml from sweating, 300 ml from breathing vapors, 200 ml from feces, 1500 ml from feces. So the total is about 2500 ml for both intake and loss. Over-hydration: kidneys can make 16 ml urine/min maximum. So if more water is consumed, blood can become diluted, osmolarity of plasma can become less than 300 mOsmols causing cellular swelling. This is water toxicity and eventually cells can start swimming. If brain cells swim, the person can go into a coma and even death. Dehydration: person feels thirst when mOsmols become less than 300, must drink water to balance it out. ADH secreted to retain water. If there is a lack of ADh, this is diabetes insipidus and results in copious diluted urine. The person might need more salt in their diet and aldosterone injections. If someone is dehydrated to the point of unconsciousness, they will These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.need an IV drip of saline solution which is isotonic (300 mOsmols and .8% sodium/chlorine solution.) Acid – Base Balance – kidneys are the main homeostatic organs to maintain blood pH levels at 7.3-7.4. Acids are lactic acid, HCl from the stomach, keto acids, carbonic acids. Buffers for these acids include proteins (amino acids), bicarbonate which is the most important, and phosphates. Reproductive System – Male (no cyclic changes and no adropause, sperms produced throughoutlife)External Genital Organs: testes, scrotal sacs, dartos muscle, epididymis- coiled vas deferens (18-21 feet)Internal Genital Organs: vas deferens (18 inches), seminal vesicles – produce 60-65% of ejaculate, prostate – produce 30-35% of ejaculate, urethra (prostatic, membranous, and penile urethra) cowpers glands (bulbourethral glands – produce 1-2 drops of clear fluid to neutralize acidity)Spermatic fluid: 2-5 ml, 350-450 million sperms or about 50-150 million per ml. If there is less than 40 million/ml = 50% sterility, less than 20 million = 100% sterility. Azoospermia = no viable sperms. Testes are 2-3 degrees Celsius below body temperature. In about 3% of cases, testes are abdominal, a condition called cryptorchidism. About .3% of testes don’t descend into the scrotal sac so they cannot produce viable


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UH BIOL 1344 - Body Fluids and Water Levels

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