Gender & Society VocabularyChapter 2: What’s the “Sociology” in the Sociology of Gender?1. Confirmation bias: our tendency to look for information that confirms our preexisting beliefs while ignoring information that contradicts those beliefs2. Men as proxy: many important sociological studies included only men as research subjects3. Private sphere: women being confined to the home; severe academic limitations4. Privilege: set of mostly unearned rewards & benefits that come with a given status position in society5. Social movement abeyance: a way to keep the basic ideas of movement alive during a period of decreased activism, often due to increased resistance & hostility to the movement or to a shift inthe opportunities that make movements more or less stressful6. Social movement cycle: a period of increasing frequency & intensity in social movement activities that spread throughout various parts of society & globally across countries7. Liberal feminism: posits that inequality between men & women is rooted in the way existing institutions such as the government treat men & women8. Master frame of equal rights: a large social movement that includes the early civil rights movement & some versions of the modern women’s movement & the gay rights movements9. Master frame: a method of interpreting the world that identifies a particular problem, suggests aparticular cause for that problem, & proposes a way to resolve the particular problem10. Radical feminists: start with the premise that men & women are fundamentally different, “sex as a class”11. Consciousness-raising: seeks to help women see the connections between their personal experiences with gender exploitation & a larger sense of the politics & structure of society12. Normative: a type of ideology that makes suggestions not just about the way things are, but the way things should be13. Private troubles: problems that we face that have to do with ourselves & our immediate surroundings or our “milieux”14. Public issues: exist beyond the individual or her own immediate milieu, & they are located withinthe larger structures of our societies- such as social institutions15. Fundamental attribution error: the tendency to explain behavior by invoking personal dispositions while ignoring the roles of social structure & context (public issues)16. Sociological imagination: using this to investigate gender means performing the detailed archaeology of our own biography & learning to identify the larger structural forces at work in our lives surrounding issues of gender17. Individual approach: assumes gender works from the inside out18. Social role: a set of expectations that are attached to a particular status or position in society19. Sex role: set of expectations that are attached to your particular sex category20. Instrumental: goal & task-oriented21. Expressive: oriented towards interactions with other people22. Master statuses: cut across all other identities & situations & they are the most important status in dictating how people respond to us23. Sex categorization: the way we use cues of culturally presumed appearance & behavior to represent physical sex differences that we generally cannot see24. Performance expectation: a guess about how useful your own contributions will be to accomplishing the goal of the interaction, as well as how useful the other people in the group will be25. Status characteristics: kinds of differences that exist between people in society & to which a sense of lesser of greater value & esteem is given26. Gender status belief: the belief in superiority of men constitutes a specific gender status belief27. Self-fulfilling prophecy: a statement that comes true solely as a result of the prediction being made28. Ethnomethodology: the study of folkways29. Breach: a disruption that requires some kind of explanation because it does not fit into the particular cultural story being told30. Sex assignment: putting someone into one or the other sex category, usually at birth31. “if-can” test: If it appears that an individual easily can be seen as female, then categorize her that way32. Accounts: the descriptions we engage in as social actors to explain to each other the state of affairs, or what we think is going on33. Accountability: we gear our actions with attention to our specific circumstances so that others will correctly recognize our actions for what they are34. Allocation: the way decisions get made about who does what, who gets what & who does not, who gets to make plans, & who gets to give order or take them35. Social aggregates: composed of individuals, but they become more than the sum of the individuals within them36. Gendered organization: one in which “advantage & disadvantage, exploitation & control, action & emotion, meaning & identity, are patterned through & in terms of a distinction between male & female, masculine & feminine”37. Organizational logic: the assumptions & practices that underlie an organization38. Job: a set of tasks, competencies, & responsibilities represented as a position on an organizational chart39. Ego: focal person40. Alters: other people in the network41. Ego network: specific relationship between an ego & the alters42. Size: number ofothers to whom someone is linked in a network43. Density: measures how interconnected the alters are in an ego network44. Diversity: having contact with people in multiple spheres of activity45. Homophilous: “similar nodes are more likely to have a relationship than dissimilar nodes”46. Multiple consciousness: a way of thinking that develops from a person’s position at the center of“intersecting & mutually reliant systems of oppression”47. Matrix of domination: the social structures of race, class, gender & sexual orientation work with &