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IUB PSY-P 324 - Study guide exam 4

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p324 Vlachos-Weber Mood Disorders Treatment, Schizophrenia & Personality Disorders Exam 4: Weds, Nov. 19EVERYTHING COVERED IN LECTURE IS FAIR GAME FOR THE EXAM!Know this material that appeared only in the book:Chapter 13: Schizophrenia:p. 481: what is Capgras syndrome? Cotard’s syndrome? what is the motivational view of delusions? the deficit view of delusions?Other more unusual delusions include Capgras syndrome, in which the person believes someone he or she knows has been replaced by a double, and Cotard’s syndrome, in which the person believes he is deadA motivational view of delusions would look at these beliefs as attempts to deal with and relieve anxiety and stressIn contrast, a deficit view of delusion sees these beliefs as resulting from brain dysfunction that creates these disordered cognitions or perceptionsp. 482: what part of the brain is most active during hallucinations? What is this part of the brain involved in? what is the metacognition theory of hallucinations?- they found that the part of the brain most active during hallucinations was Broca’s area- This is surprising because Broca’s area is known to be involved in speech production, rather than language comprehension- support the metacognition theory that people who are hallucinating are not hearing the voices of others but are listening to their own thoughts or their own voices and cannot recognize the difference p. 486: know these 3 subtypes: paranoid, disorganized and catatonic & which symptoms are associated with each subtypeThree divisions have historically been identified: paranoid (delusions of grandeur or persecution),disorganized (or hebephrenic; silly and immature emotionality), and catatonic (alternate immobility and excited agitation).p. 478: what is schizoaffective disorder? schizoaffective disorder (which includes people who have symptoms of schizophrenia and who exhibit the characteristics of mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar affective disorder)p. 487: What are erotomanic & somatic delusions? What is folie a deux?- An erotomanic type of delusion is the irrational belief that one is loved by another person, usually of higher status.- somatic delusions the person feels afflicted by a physical defect or general medical condition.- Previous versions of the DSM included a separate delusional disorder—shared psychotic disorder (folieà deux), the condition in which an individual develops delusions simply as a result of a close relationship with a delusional individual.p. 490: children who go on to develop schizophrenia display what clinical features?- Children who go on to develop schizophrenia show early clinical features such as mild physical abnormalities, poor motor coordination, and mild cognitive and social problems (Schiffman et al., 2004; Welham et al., 2008). Unfortunately, these types of early problems are not specific enough toschizophrenia—meaning they could also be signs of other problems, such as the neurodevelopmental disorders we review in Chapter 14—to be able to say for sure that a particular child will later develop schizophrenia.p. 490: what is a “prodromal stage” and when does it occur in schizophrenia?- Up to 85% of people who later develop schizophrenia go through a prodromal stage—a 1- to 2-year period before the serious symptoms occur but when less severe yet unusual behaviors start to show themselves p. 491: what were Kallman’s findings regarding the severity of parent’s schizophrenia, & children’s development of schizophrenia?Kallmann showed that the severity of the parent’s disorder influenced the likelihood of the child’s having schizophrenia: The more severe the parent’s schizophrenia, the more likely the children were to develop it.p. 493: What does twin research show about being a "carrier" for schizophrenia? What is the chance of inheritance if you have one parent with schizophrenia?- On the other hand, look at the risks for the child of a fraternal (dizygotic) twin. If your parent is thetwin with schizophrenia, you have about a 17% chance of having schizophrenia yourself. If your parent does not have schizophrenia but your parent’s fraternal twin does, your risk is only about 2%. The only way to explain this finding is through genetics. The data clearly indicate that you can have genes that predispose you to schizophrenia, not show the disorder yourself, but still pass on the genes to your children. In other words, you can be a “carrier” for schizophrenia. This is some ofthe strongest evidence yet that people are genetically vulnerable to schizophrenia. Remember, however, there is only a 17% chance of inheritance if your parent has schizophrenia, meaning that other factors help determine who will have this disorder.p. 496: which gender is most likely to have enlarged ventricles? Enlargement is related to what factors? Exposure to what may result in enlarged ventricles?- or example, enlarged ventricles are observed more often in men than in women (Goldstein & Lewine, 2000). Also, ventricles seem to enlarge in proportion to age and to the duration of the schizophrenia. One study found that individuals with schizophrenia who were exposed to influenza prenatally may be more likely to have enlarged ventricles Chapter 12: Personality Disorders:p. 446: what 2 controversial personality disorders are now under study (but not in the DSM V)This gender difference in diagnosis has also been criticized by other authors (see, for example, Kaplan, 1983) on the grounds that histrionic personality disorder, like several of the other personality disorders, is biased against females. As Kaplan (1983) points out, many of the features of histrionic personality disorder, such as overdramatization, vanity, seductiveness, andoverconcern with physical appearance, are characteristic of the Western “stereotypical female.” This disorder may simply be the embodiment of extremely “feminine” traits (Chodoff, 1982); branding such an individual mentally ill, according to Kaplan, reflects society’s inherent bias against females. (See Table 12.3 for a humorous take on a male version of a personality disorder.) Interestingly, the “macho” personality (Mosher & Sirkin, 1984), in which the individual possesses stereotypically masculine traits, is nowhere to be found in the DSM.p. 447: know the “main beliefs” associated with each of the 10 personality disordersp. 454: know the 6 criteria that Hare identifies in his


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