Psych 2310 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I. What is helping?II. Theories to explain why we helpIII. Helping researchOutline of Current Lecture I. ConflictII. Social dilemmasIII. CooperationCurrent LectureI. Conflict= involves perceived incompatibility of actions or goalsa. Zero sum game= More for me less for youb. What creates conflict?i. True incompatibility= actual zero sumii. Misperception1. Mirror image effect= People think the same negative things about that their enemies that they think about themiii. Simplistic thinkingiv. Social dilemmasII. Social dilemmasa. Goals only partially conflict (non-zero sum games)b. We can all do well if we cooperatec. Prisoner’s Dilemma= Each person arrested has the choice whether to say they are both guilty or neither are guilty. These are the outcomesi. Both are guilty= lighter sentence for both than if they are accused of being guiltyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. One says they are guilty one says they aren’t= One has a long sentence the other gets out freeiii. Both say they aren’t guilty= Both very light sentenceiv. Better off if they cooperate but if they are selfish they could help themselvesd. “Everyone is doing it”i. If I don’t do it I will be at a disadvantageii. Steroids and baseballe. Why do we act selfish?i. Fearii. Greedf. Tragedy of the commonsi. Some keep taking more resources than allotted to them until the common resource disappears1. Ex: trees2. Allman’s experiment= He asked people to either ask for 20 or 100 dollars. If less than 20 percent asked for 100 he would actually pay. This did not happen because people are greedy.ii. Take some dilemmas= People take more than they shouldiii. Give some games= People don’t give enough to a common resourceIII. Cooperationa. How to inducei. Be nice at firstii. Punish if necessaryiii. Forgive when opponents repentiv. Use authority to make rulesv. Be open and honestvi. Make sure people can be punishedvii. Make cooperation more profitableviii. Appeal to altruistic normsix. Create a group identity1. Common threats2. Same goals3. Cooperative learningb. Cooperation is better for human
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