PSY 110 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. Behavior TherapiesII. Cognitive Behavior Therapies Outline of Current Lecture I. Insight TherapiesII. Relationship TherapiesIII. Biomedical TherapiesCurrent Lecture Insight TherapiesInsight Therapies: Approaches based on the notion that psychological well-being depends on self-understandingPsychodynamic Therapy: Attempts to uncover repressed childhood experiences- Sometimes what patients do not say is as important as what they do say resistance- Psychoanalysiso Free Association: Explores the unconscious, and the patient reveals whatever thoughts, feelings, or images come to mindo Dream Analysis: Areas of emotional concern repressed in waking life are sometimes expressed in symbolic form in dreamso Transference: Emotional reaction that occurs during psychoanalysis; patient displays feelings and attitudes toward the analyst present in another significant relationshipHumanistic Therapy: Therapists assume that people have the ability and freedom to lead rational lives and make rational choices- Word “client” is used instead of “patient”Person-Centered Therapy: Disorder results when the natural tendency toward self-actualization is blocked- Therapist attempts to create an accepting climate based on unconditional positive regard- Non-directive Therapy: Therapist allows the direction of therapy sessions to be controlled by the clientThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Goal is to allow client to direct the therapy session and move toward self-actualization realization of inner potentialGestalt Therapy: Directive therapy that seeks to:- Fully experience and own feelings, thoughts, and actions in the present moment- Help clients achieve a more integrated self- Allow clients to become more authentic and self-accepting- Therapist actively directs therapy session- Provides answers and suggestions to the client- “Getting in touch with your feelings” is a major objective- “Empty Chair Technique” is a major technique used Relationship TherapiesRelationship Therapies: Look not only at the individual’s internal struggles but also at his or her interpersonal relationshipsFamily Therapy: Parents and children enter therapy as a group- Goal is to help family memberso Heal wounds to the familyo Improve communicationo Create more understanding within the familyCouple Therapy: Goal is to help partners in an intimate relationship- Communication- Manage conflicts more effectively- May focus on behavioral changes or partners’ emotional responses to each otherGroup Therapy: Seven to ten clients meet regularly with one or more therapists to resolve personal problems- Provides client with a sense of belonging and the opportunity to:o Express feelingso Get feedback from other group memberso Give and receive emotional support- Self-Help Groupso Usually not led by professional therapistso Groups of people who share a common problem and meet to give and receive supporto Alcoholics Anonymous one of the oldest and best-known groupsBiomedical TherapiesDrug Therapies: Most frequently used biomedical treatment; breakthroughs in drug therapies have beencredited with the reduction in the amount of time a patient is hospitalizedElectroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Electric current is administered to the right cerebral hemisphere (unilateral ECT)- Patient is under anesthesia- Usually reserved for severely depressed patients who are suicidal- ECT was misused and overused in the 1940’s and 1950’s, leaving it with a bad reputation- Highly effective treatment for major depression- Possibly works by changing biochemical balance in the brainEvaluating Therapies:- Eysenck showed a slight advantage for behavior therapies over other types- Socioeconomic status and other variable interact with clients’ problems- No one type of psychotherapy is more effective than another, but any psychotherapy is better than no treatment- Most important determinant of effectiveness:o Appropriateness for a given client’s problemso Circumstances of the client’s lifeo A strong therapist-client relationship has been linked to better psychotherapy outcomes- According to a Consumer Reports surveyo Clients believe they benefit from psychotherapyo Clients are equally satisfied with therapy provided by psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workerso The longer clients stayed in therapy, the more they improvedo Clients believed that antidepressant and anti-anxiety drugs helped themo Psychotherapy alone worked as well as psychotherapy with drugsDisadvantages of Drug Therapies:- Difficulty in establishing the proper dosages- Drugs do not cure psychological disorders- Drug therapy often prevents people with psychological disorders from being advised of other forms of therapy that may reduce or eliminate the need for psychiatric
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