Chapter 3 Summary- Appreciate the connection between the cultural attributes of southern Italian immigrants and the development of the American Mafia:o Outside the Northeast and Chicago, there are few or no vestiges of the formidable criminal organizations that evolved out of Prohibition.o Every important Italian-American organized crime figure has had cultural roots in Southern Italy.o Italian criminals adapted their culture to organized crime in the United States.- Know the connection between the Unione Siciliana, the Castellammarese War, and the emergence of the Five Families in New York:o The Unione Siciliana emerged in nineteenth-century New York as a legitimate fraternal society designed to advance the interests of Sicilian immigrants. With Prohibition, gangsters began to infiltrate and pervert the association.o The Castellammarese War between the two major Mafia factions in New York ended with murder of Joseph Masseria.o In the aftermath of the Castellammarese War, five Italian-American crime Families emerged, and they continue to maintain distinct identities: Bonanno, Colombo, Gambino, Genovese, and Lucchese.- Understand the structure of the New York Mafia Families:o Each member of a New York Mafia Family is an independent entrepreneur who shares a portion of his income with the hierarchy.o Membership eligibility requires Italian descent on your father's side, a sponsor, and a history of successful criminal activity or possess certain skills required by the group, an "earner" or a "shooter."o Law enforcement agencies take great interest in a criminal if they discover is a made guy. Any insult or assault on a member requires that he kill the offender. He is required to obey the orders of his boss, even if this means participating in the murder of a complete stranger or perhaps a close friend or relative.o Members and associates are organized into crews, which are semi-independent units.o Members are not under the direct or indirect supervision of the boss, and he does not have a complete overview of the decentralized activities of members.o Given the violent nature of "made guys," peacekeeping is a primary responsibility of a boss.o Family bosses are linked in a rather informal arrangement known as the "commission."o American Mafia rules are contrary to the Southern Italian credo that places family aboveall else.o The formal organizational structure of a Mafia Family is not the same as its economic structure.- Appreciate the historical differences of the American Mafia in New York and Chicago:o Chicago has been remarkable for the extent to which persons of various ethnicity have been integrated into the dominant criminal organization.o Prior to Prohibition, vice operations were well-organized in Chicago and enjoyed political-police protection.o Prohibition enabled violent young men in neighborhoods throughout Chicago to becomecrime overlords—control of violence became more important than control of politics.- Understand how political reform in Chicago led to an increase in violence:o The key figure in this new configuration was Johnny Torrio aided by his partner Al Capone.o The election of a reform mayor in Chicago broke down the stable system of police/political protection that resulted in the competitive violence of the "Chicago Wars."- Know how organized crime in Chicago changed with the end of Prohibition":o By the 1930, the Capone organization dominated the Chicagoland area.o With Prohibition ending and the onset of the Great Depression in 1929, leading gangsters began to look for new opportunities that they found in labor and business racketeering.o The expensive army of gunmen necessary during Prohibition, was no longer necessary when it ended—consolidation ensued.- Understand the differences between the structure of the American Mafia in New York and Chicago:o Chicago differs from New York in that the Outfit has always been a cooperative venture with other groups and there is an absence of independent entrepreneurs.o Each Outfit crew is composed of made guys and associates who are said to be "connected." The street boss and his lieutenants, if they are of Italian heritage, are made guys. Everyone else connected to the crew is an associate.o In the Chicago, made guys hold supervisory (or senior advisory)