Chapter 1 Summary- Understand the difficulty in defining organized crime ad know its attributes:o There is no generally accepted definition of organized crime.o Organized crime has eight attributes: Has no political goals Is hierarchical Has a limited or exclusive membership Constitutes a unique subculture Perpetuates itself Exhibits a willingness to use illegal violence Is monopolistic Is governed by explicit rules and regulations- Know the salient features of a bureaucracy:o Bureaucracy is essential for efficiently carrying out large-scale tasks. o Bureaucratic organizations exhibit a complicated hierarchy and an extensive division of labor, assign positions on the basis of skill, carry out responsibilities in an impersonal manner, and have extensive written rules and regulations, and communicate via a chain of command.o Whenever an entity, club, business, or criminal organization continues to expand, at some point it will have to adopt the bureaucratic style of organization.o Many aspects of bureaucracy are impractical for criminal organizations because they must be concerned with the very real possibility that communications are being monitored.o In the compartmentalized form of bureaucracy, persons at the operational/street level are organized into cells and know only other members of their cell.o A criminal organization can manifest a bureaucratic structure, while economic activities are divorced from the formal structure.- Be familiar with the concepts of franchising, credentialing, points of convergence, and the role ofa broker.o Franchises provide a sense of entitlement, enabling the possessor to engage in criminal activity with the knowledge that he or she will be supported and protected by the criminal organization granting the franchise.o A network consists of a collection of connected points or junctures; a criminal network typically functions within a subcultural environment—an "underworld."o A criminal network has points of convergence where participants congregate.o Credentialing enables criminals to negotiate transactions that those without an organizational affiliation would find difficult if not impossible to accomplish.o With proper credentials, a criminal entrepreneur can profit by acting as a broker, that is, a person who connects otherwise disconnected parts of a network.- Understand transnational organized crime:o Traditional Mafia-type organizations are linked by territory and exercise control over the entities in their territories by means of intimidation.o The collapse of the Soviet Union and the expansion of global trade provided opportunityfor criminal organizations capable of operating across national boundaries.o This has spurred the growth of alliances with criminal grops operating acorss national boundaries.o Global organized crime is similar to a transnational commercial company.o Migration broadens the reach of existing criminal networks.- Know the similarities and differences between organized crime and terrorism and the connection between organized crime and terrorism:o Terrorism is inherently political.o Terrorists often choose their targets at random.o Organized crime does not seek the overthrow of governments.o Organized crime and terrorist organizations share the same geography. Membership canoverlap and have similar needs for weapons and money laundering services.o Both organized crime and terrorists may use