Chapter 5 SummaryCJUS 3310 Organized and Consensual CrimeChapter 5 Summary- Appreciate the unique history of southern Italy and how it led to the development of four types of criminal organizations:o The southern Italian experience led to the development of a culture that stresses the variables necessary for survival in a hostile environment,omertá and vendetta, in which the only basis of loyalty is famiglia.o The family was organized hierarchically, headed by the family patriarch.o The Mezzogiorno, lags far behind northern Italy in economic development.o Unification of Italy was harmful to the south as the new government issed edict after edict that effected the southerners adversely. This history led to the development of different types of criminal organization: Mafia, Camorra, 'Ndrangheta, and more recently, Sacra Corona Unita.- Understand the role of criminal organizations in southern Italy:o These criminal organizations act as brokers between politicians and businessmen and union officials.o Evildoers have to leave the Mafioso alone, along with all the persons or things to which, explicitly or implicitly, he had given a guarantee of security. As a man of respect, he is in a position to provide protection where the state is unwilling or unable.o The Mafioso provides legitimate entrepreneurs with insurance against otherwise untrustworthy suppliers or customers and offers himself as a guarantor for business transactions.- Know how Mussolini influenced both the Sicilian and American Mafia:o Mussolini used police-state powers to move against the Mafia, and manyfled to the United States where Prohibition was in force.o The post-World War II Nuove Mafia has adopted the patterns and the dress of the American Mafia and entered the drug market, which was an anathema to the old Mafia.- Be able to distinguish between the traditional Mafia and the Nuovo Mafia:o The Mafioso is no longer un uomo di rispetto but simply an urban gangster in the American tradition, a predatory criminal without popular roots or popular backing.o With Mafiosi lacking popular support in Sicily, the government move vigorously against them.o The Nuovo Mafia has responded with attacks on public officials.- Know the differences between Mafia and Camorra:o Whereas the Mafia began as more of an idea than an organization and evolved along cultural lines in rural western Sicily, the Camorra was deliberately structured as an urban-based criminal society.o Camorra groups began to emerge as soon as the Allied forces withdrew. They asserted control over agriculture and cattle markets and moved intothe urban areas of Naples to further their control over these markets. They moved into and expanded upon the Naples contraband industry, from cigarettes to drugs.o A huge program of reconstruction was effectively hijacked by corrupt politicians, government bureaucrats, and the Camorra, which diversified its wealth from drug trafficking by moving into the construction industry.o Camorra clans control apparently legal commercial activities through which they introduce counterfeit goods, creating a significant economic-financial web involving a variety of countries. They have had remarkable success in the manufacture of counterfeit designer clothing and consumer electronics.o Camorra clans form alliances, often cemented by marriages, their enterprises mixing illegitimate, such as drug and arms trafficking.o At the center of a typical Camorra group is a boss whose group is knownby his surname, such as the Alfieri headed by Carmine Alfieri.o Territorial control is essential to Camorra clans as a way of asserting domination over a geographic area and extorting from legitimate businesses; it also provides an opportunity for those on the lower rungs to prove themselves and thereby move up in Camorra ranks.o Like the Sicilian Mafia, Camorra leaders have engaged in violent struggles.- Appreciate differences between Mafia and 'Ndrangheta:o The province of Calabria is located in the far south of the Italian "boot" and is home to 'Ndrangheta.o Ndrangheta clans are based on blood ties, allowing for a high degree of internal cohesion which protects against informants.o Omertá remains strong, and there are relatively few cooperating witnesses of Calabrian origin.- Understand the development of the Sacra Corona Unita and its ties to Albaniancriminal organizations:o The Puglia region at the heel of the Italian boot is home to the Sacra Corona Unita (SCU), Sacred United Crown.o Despite the Roman Catholic imagery it uses as part of its rituals, the SCU originated as a criminal organization in 1983 by an inmate serving a life sentence.o Albania, a primarily Muslim nation was occupied by Italy in 1939.o A mostly mountainous country with small plains along its long coastline,Albania is distinguished by its strong sense of familial and clan ties, and the country's criminal groups have much in common with their southern Italian colleagues with whom they are sometimes allied.o Their reputation for violence and obsession with firearms provides comparative advantages for Albanian criminals.o Many Albanians settled in Calabria and Sicily where they quickly integrated with the existing culture of southern Italy.o Massive migration of Albanians abroad provided a perfect cover for Albanian criminals who brought with them a strong sense of extended