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SC BIOL 302 - Termination

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BIOL 303 1nd Edition Lecture 15 Outline of Current Lecture I. Transcriptiona. Role of chromatinII. Terminationa. Cappingb. Poly A tailIII. SplicingCurrent LectureI. Transcriptiona. Simplification: there is no DNA structure shown but the gene that is in thereb. For the signal, you can’t get DNA because there is limited access to nucleosomes and chromatin (which represses transcription)c. SWI/SWF: have enzymatic activities that modify to allow recognition by other factions and access to DNA sequencesd. Histone acetyl-transferase (HAT): adds the acetyl groupe. Histone de-acteyl-transferase (HDAT): which removes the acetyl group i. C terminal -------- NH terminal: with all positive charges to interact with the negative at neutral pH ~ + chargedii. The acetyl group makes it negatively charged due to the histones losing their group their grip on the DNA (genes are on). f. HDAT (inactive) -------- HAT (active)i. Promoters - specific: interacts with tafs. 1. Ex: SP1: with taf 250 when the transcription is building up it bringsthe taf250 in the DNA complex and acts as the recruiter to the taf250 and starts to undo the chromatin2. Happens on different histones at different times – respecting to the gene expressiong. H3 (super complicated)i. All modifications can happen in different paths with different combinations (the Histone code) that signals certain codes with certain genes that determine if they’re going to turn on/off and carry out the same actionsh. 30nm Fiber: somewhere there has to be a gene that turns on.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Acts as a substrate (pioneer factor – replaces A) and starts to come apart and remodels the chromatin (beads on a string)1. Ex. Turning on insulin: we don’t know where the location is but modification on the genes to expose where they areii. Bre1: factor that locates where the gene isiii. Pioneer: replaces histones (H1) and starts to come apart (ex. A1)II. Terminationa. In bacteria cells termination sequences stops transcription and releases polymerase and mRNA from the template but in prokaryotic cells they do not.b. E. Coli: can end the process with termination signal is in the DNA transmitted by RNA – when in it becomes activei. Bunches of U’sii. Undergoes and makes a stem-loopc. RNA makes the transcription, it immediately shapes up and makes a double strandd. Binds to NUSA – RNA strand: inhibits the polymerase from transcribing until it reaches the last U e. What’s required for termination: (2)i. Has to be a GC rich stem loop within 8 nucleotides because it makes it stableii. All the U’s have to be at the end (unstable) - this helps recognize the structure.f. Eukaryotic Termination:i. There’s not really any terminating going onii. Sequence is required and presence in Euk. mRNA at the 20-10 point. 3’ end (polyadenylation signals a reactions that cuts 3’ end but keeps the polymerase going, also the RNA falls off)iii. Primary transcript: has to be modified in 3 ways: 5 cap, at AAA, and splicingIII. Splicing: the introns needed to be removed because the exons are needed to be togethera. 5’ cap: happens in every message (mRNA) soon after initiation but before termination b. A/G are the start sites in most genes. 5’ end has the triphosphate and guanine (with methyl group) which is added on the 5-carbon to the 5’


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SC BIOL 302 - Termination

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