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UH BIOL 1344 - Lecture Notes on the Urinary System
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BIOL 1344 Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. Filtration in the kidneysII. Net Filtration Pressure ControlOutline of Current Lecture III. Osmotic Gradient and DefinitionsIV. Urine ReabsorptionV. GFR Control Current LectureOsmotic gradient – if the inside tubule of the kidney is hypotonic, water goes out. This is called obligatory water resorption. Osmotic diuresis is a state in which large volumes of water are lost through the urine resulted in diluted urine. There is also hormonal diuresis which means that there is no ADH or aldosterone maintaining water homeostasis. Osmolarity: solute concentration/liter of solution. Solutes can be electrolytes, glucose, urea, and amino acids. Osmolality: solute concentration/kg of solvent. The only solvent is water.Osmols is a large measurement so we really use mOsmols to measure and this includes all particles. Urine ranges around 50-1200 mOsmols.Reabsorption: there is simple and facilitated diffusion. From the filtrate on the luminal orapical side, sodium flows through the PCT cell into the blood on the basolateral side. There is also a potassium/sodium pump which is a primary active transport which pumps potassium into the PCT cell and sodium into the blood. Through facilitated diffusion glucose also flows from the filtrate throught the PCT cell into the blood. The SGLT is the sodium dependent glucose transporter and it is a secondary active transport system. Continuing on GFR control there is tubuloglomerular regulation. This has macula densa cells which detect concentration of the filtrate. If the filtrate is too concentrated this means the flow is too fast through the nephron and the GFR is high. The glomerular These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.shrinks reducing the filtration surface area and GFR decreases. If the filtrate is too diluted, the flow through the nephron is too slow and the filtration surface area must be increased in order to increase GFR. Renal clearance: volume of plasma “cleared” of a substance/min. This is really another definition of GFR.GFR = (urine concentration (mg/ml) X urine flow (ml/min))/ plasma concentration


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UH BIOL 1344 - Lecture Notes on the Urinary System

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