ANTH 110 1nd Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture I. Miocene EpochA. Early MioceneB. Middle MioceneC. Late Miocene II. The Bipedal AdaptationOutline of Current Lecture I. Early HomininsA. Pre-Australopithsi. Sahelanthropusii. Orroriniii. ArdipithecusB. Australopithsi. Australopithecus anamensisii. Paranthropus C. Early HomoCurrent Lecture"Hominin Origins in Africa" I. Early HomininsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Pre-Australopiths (6-4.4 m.y.a. - There is evidence that they are older, possibly originating 7 m.y.a.)- Tail-end of Miocene Epoch- From Africa- 3 genera - Earliest comes from West, Central Africa- Second to latest comes from East Africa- Latest came from South Africai. Sahelanthropus (7-6 m.y.a.)- From Chad, Africa- Species name was Sahelanthropus tchadensis- Toumai is the name of the skull discovered in Chad in 2002. ii. Orrorin (6 m.y.a.)- From Kenya, Africa- Species name was Orrorin tugenensis- Lived in forested environment in East Africa- Was discovered in 2000 by French researchers- 13 fragments of bone were found - 5 "people" were represented by the partsiii. Ardipithecus (5.8-4.4 m.y.a.) - From Ethiopia, Africa- Species names were Ardipithecus ramidus and Ardipithecus cadaba- Discovered an impressive skeleton, nearly complete- What we know about "Ardi":-- opposable toe-- bipedal pelvis (arboreal biped)-- thin enamel on molars-- no large canines-- overall size consistent with Australopiths-- less than 4 feet tall for an adult-- fruit eater-- nicknamed "Ardi"B. Australopiths (4.2-1.2 m.y.a.)- Two related genera, Australopithecus and Paranthropus- bipedal- relatively small brains (compared to Homo)- large teeth, thick enamel on molarsi. Australopithecus anamensis- first discovered in 1965- in the 1990's a lot more was found- "Lucy" was discovered in Hadar, Ethiopia in 1974- parallel teeth and large caninesii. Paranthropus (Later than Austra and more derived)- broad cheekbones, large teeth related to powerful chewing- flatter face- sagittal crest- diet emphasizing rough vegetable foods, possibly some meatC. Early Homo (2-1.4 m.y.a.)- Not yet discussed in
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