HIST 158 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last LectureI. Candidea. Voltaireb. Genesis and genre of Candidec. Contextd. CharactersOutline of Current LectureI. Candidea. Ironyb. If not optimism?c. Pessimism?d. Refusing all systems of thought?e. Religious criticismf. Many critiquesCurrent LectureI. Candidea. Irony – saying one thing, meaning anotheri. 1st chapter sets tone for the whole book (introducing characters and setting)1. Westphalia = poor part of Germany2. Ch.4, p. 9 “the more misfortunes there are, the better everything is”b. If not optimism, then what?i. Pangloss has no intelligence and no heart p. 9ii. “Leibniz could not possibly be wrong” p. 70These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Pessimism?i. Martin best represents thisii. No faith in the world or peopleiii. P. 56, chapter 24 “nothing remains for me except death”iv. P. 59 regains hope, manages to avoid pessimismd. Refusing all systems of thought?i. Eldorado is tempting but gets boring and unsatisfactory1. Answer is tolerance of differencea. Happiness is not givenb. Do something about your own happinesse. Religious criticismi. All religious people (Jesuits, Jews, Muslims, etc.) are portrayed the worst1. Violent, cruel, mistreat women, etc.2. Religion preaches intolerance3. Satire characters are portrayed to the extreme ii. Alternative to religion?1. Individualisma. Portrayed by Candide (of the Catholic region), Jacques (antibaptist), and Martin (pessimist)i. All are more tolerant2. Eldorado: no priesthood, God gives people happinessa. Isolated, no disagreement, forced tolerance?b. “seemingly” perfect3. Constantinople: in the garden (which is only possible after excluding Cunegonde’s brother) puts an end to Pangloss’ philosophizing4. The Garden: represents ultimate happinessa. Castle in Westphalia = Garden of Eden5. Kingdom of Jesuits p. 26a. Jesuits own everything, people/slaves own nothingi. Black slave is missing handsf. Voltaire criticizes slavery, consumerism, Colonial Expansion, religion, racismi. Farm in Cnople p.721. Fall into patterns of colonial societya. Cacambo does all of the work2. Not happyii. Garden of Cnople p. 741. Final garden2. Ignorance is bliss?3. Accept people and WORKa. Work keeps us from boredom, vice, povertyiii. Love1. Candide’s passionate love for Cunegonde vs. brutal sexual urges that lead male characters to rape and female characters to prostitution2. Women are second class, passive and victimized3. Does Voltaire destroy love the way he destroys
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