ARTH183 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last LectureI. “Garden of the Master of the Fishing Nets” ContinuedA. Use of gardensB. Inclusion of other cultural formsII. Ming Dynasty Literati PaintingA. Shen Zhou (1427-1509), “Poet on a Mountain Top.”a. Artistb. Form; how it is typical for Ming literati artc. Subjects; how they are typical for Ming literati art-Wu school-Use of poetryd. Style; signatures of Shen Zhou-Significance of line-Fang; Shen Zhou relationship to Guang GongwangB. Wen Zhengming (1470-1559), “Living Aloft.”a. Artistb. Subject-“Studio painting”-Inscriptionc. Style; various elements, relationship to Shen Zhoud. MessageIII. Archaeological Material from Korea and Japan: Kofun Period Japan (300-710 CE)A. Japana. Geographyb. Meaning of “Kofun”-Location of tombsB. “Tomb of Emperor Nintoku”; what it says about the rulera. “Keyhole tomb”b. Haniwa; what/where they are, how they developed-Firing method-Identity of artists-Use?C. “Haniwa Figure of a Falconer”a. Elements of typical haniwa style-Negative space useD. “Haniwa Figure of a Female Shaman”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. Subject identity, iconographyOutline of Current LectureI. Kofun Period Japan: Asuka Period (552-710 CE)A. Asuka Period distinctionB. “Horyu-ji (Temple of the Exalted Law).”a. Significance; Buddhism in Japanb. Form/components-New architectural style elementsc. “Five Story Pagoda”; form-Relation to Indian stupad. “Kondo”; purposeC. “Shaka Triad”a. Subject-Votive image; Inscription re: purpose of imageb. Style-Elements comparable to Chinese late Northern Wei style-Bodhisattvas (garments, serrated outline, lotus thrones)II. Nara Period Japan (685/710-794 CE)A. Nara Perioda. Historical developments-“International Style”-Growth of BuddhismB. “Yakushi-ji (Yakushi Temple): Yakushi Triad.”a. Subject; his attributes-Significance to dedicationb. Style-Comparable elements to Chinese Tang style-Bodhisattvas (appearance, likely identities)C. “Shukongojin.”; what temple, building, and position it was located at a. “Hibutsu”-Religious connectionb. Subject-Meaning of “Vajrapani”-Cosmographic orientation significanceCurrent LectureKofun Period Japan: Asuka Period (552-710 CE)The Asuka period is a sub-period, the very last part of the Kofun (different named sub-periods apply to cultural material not related to tombs).-“Horyu-ji (Temple of the Exalted Law).” Asuka Period, 7th c.: The earliest extant Buddhist temple in Japan. The religion was introduced around the 6th century; The native Shintoreligion and other native artistic/architectural traditions were already in place but a great deal of influence began being seen from the mainland (i.e. China by way of Korea). An aristocratic family, the Sogas, fostered the growth of Buddhism in Japan, giving them a major role at court but also creating divisions and a power struggle…it was not always an easy transition. This temple was built after many Soga family members died as a way to appease their spirits.*Walled temple complex includes a pagoda, image hall, lecture hall, and courtyard (originally was just a simple rectangular form without the lecture hall); it is oriented to the 4 cardinal directions and facing South (model of entering a temple facing North follows Chinese tradition). The new type of architecture seen here has buildings on top of stone-faced platforms, simple wood construction, roofs on each pagoda level with gray ceramic tile and wide, curving eaves created using a wooden bracket system for support and spreading out the weight*”Five-Story Pagoda:” Built by Korean craftsmen. A pagoda=tower-like, the equivalent of an Indian stupa (reliquary, cosmographic orientation, world axis reference, umbrella-like forms on mast, is a geometric shape) but it has open interior space so circumambulation could happen inside and on multiple different levels. The reliquary is usually built into the foundation and contains believed relics of the Buddha or just treasures, rare or ritual objects.*”Kondo (Golden Hall):” The image hall-name is because images inside were often gilded; the same construction principles apply here (grey roof tile; wide, curving bracketed eaves; has stairways on each of the 4 sides, cosmographic orientation)-Tori Busshi, “Shaka Triad.” Asuka Period, ca. 623 CE: The main image found in theKondo image hall. “Busshi” actually means “sculptor of Buddhist images”; “Shaka” is the Japanese version of Shakyamuni, the name for the historical Buddha. This is a fairly typical set-up with seated Buddha flanked by 2 bodhisattvas. The inscription says the sculpture was made for Prince Shotoku, a very important early patron of Buddhism in Japan-the patrons vowed to make this image to pray for him to during his illness (Votive image=A work made in fulfillment ofa vow); the sculpture is supposedly made in the proportions of Shotoku’s body)*Style=Outgrowth of Chinese 6-Dynasties period later Northern Wei Buddhist art; we can observe waves of influence coming into Japan from China and Korea like we see waves of Indian influence enter China. See snail-shell curls, slight smile, covered body, long, rectangular head, waterfall drapery, Chinese court robes…more sinification along the lines of “Buddhas of the 3 Kalpas” sculpture at Longmen. The drapery unnaturally sways out on either side and makes curlicue forms.*The bodhisattvas stand on top of lotus flowers; lotus thrones become very popular in East Asia. They have more elaborate garments with multiple hanging scarves and very serrated silhouettes from their robes and curling hair strands. Each holds a wish-granting stoneNara Period Japan (685/710-794 CE)The Nara Period sees the development of a style equivalent to the Tang style in China, sometimes called the “International Style” because of its rapid spread. Before this period, Japanese rulers tended to rule from their aristocratic estate, and pre-Buddhist beliefs about death causing contamination meant that after a ruler died a new capital location had to befound; once they moved to Nara this practice ended. Buddhism becomes like a state religion at this time with a lot of influence at court.-“Yakushi-ji (Yakushi Temple): Yakushi Triad.” Nara Period, ca. late 7th-early 8th c.: Temple was dedicated by imperial patron on