PSYC 4520 1st Edition Lecture 25Outline of Last Lecture I. Social Cognitive TheoryA. What is social cognitive theory?Outline of Current Lecture I. Reciprocal DeterminismA. What is reciprocal determinism?II. Imagination and Self-RegulationA. Imagination vs. trial-and-errorB. Self-regulationCurrent LectureI. Reciprocal DeterminismA. What is reciprocal determinism?i. Bandura says that there are both internal and external determinants of behavior, but behavior is not determined only by either or by a simply combination. He instead introduces the idea of reciprocal determinism.ii. Reciprocal determinism says that external determinants of behavior (e.g. rewards and punishments) and internal determinants (e.g. beliefs and thoughts) are part of a system of interacting influences that affect both behavior and also various parts of the system. Each part of the system (behaviors, external factors, and internal factors) influences each of the other parts.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iii. For example, suppose someone you don’t like asks you to play racquetball. You could imagine what a bad time you would have; thus your internal expectation will likely cause you to reject the invitation. But if this person offered to buy you a new, expensive racket that you’ve beenwanting, this external inducement may be enough to get you to play. Imagine then that you have a nice time and look forward to playing with this person again: your behavior has changed your expectations, which will affect future behavior and so on.II. Imagination and Self-RegulationA. Imagination vs. trial-and-errori. Unlike lower animals, people use symbols and forethought as guides for future action; instead of working through rewards and punishments via trial-and-error each time we have a new problem, we imagine possible outcomes and develop strategies. Of course, past experiences with reinforcements/punishments affect these judgments, but we do all of thisin our mind without engaging in random actions and waiting to see whichwill be rewarded/punished. ii. For example, when you plan a vacation, you think of who you will go with,where you will go, and how to get there. You don’t actually try out every possibility.B. Self-regulationi. Bandura says that most behavior is performed in the absence of external reinforcements/punishments. Our daily actions are largely controlled by self-regulation. Though we do strive to obtain external rewards, we also work toward self-imposed goals with internal rewards. For example, amateur runners push themselves in races though few expect to win. The reward comes from the feelings of accomplishment/self-worth they get from setting a personal record or maybe just for finishing the race.ii. Self-regulation also includes self-punishment. When we fail to maintain personal standards, we often feel bad about/degrade ourselves.iii. Because much of our behavior is due to self-regulation, Bandura challenges the radical behaviorist assertion that people will do anything ifthe environmental contingencies are altered
View Full Document
Unlocking...