SOCI 205 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture II. Segregation in AmericaOutline of Current LectureII. Immigration (key terms)III. Functionalist Views on ImmigrationIV. Conflict Views on ImmigrationV. Historical BackgroundVI. Reading Discussion – Telles VII. Major Periods of Mexican MigrationCurrent LectureII. Immigration (key terms)a. Legal immigration v. Illegal immigrationi. Illegal v. undocumented/unaurthorized immigrants (or EWI, Entry Without Inspection)b. Old Immigrationi. Prior to 19th/20th century: great Britain and W. Europec. New Immigrationi. 19th/20th Century: Italians, greeks, east European jews d. Immigrant (first generation)e. Children of immigrants (born in US, citizens, 2nd generation)f. Native born (3rd generation or higher)g. Assimilation: process by which individuals or groups adopt the culture of anothergroup, losing their identity (e.g. language)h. Incorporation: integration into a larger group III. Functionalist Views on Immigrationa. Econmici. Immigrants have a net gain (over lifetime) to receiving country (e.g. US)1. Prior to arrival: $0 invested in human capital or healthcareii. High rates of entrepreneurshipiii. Most often earn low wages (low wage sector)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.iv. Most contribute to social security (but do not receive benefits) plus other taxes (local, state, and federal)b. Social or Culturali. Critics such as Samuel Huntington1. Sam Huntington: Recent immigrants fail to assimilate2. Telles rebuts this ideaIV. Conflict Views on Immigrationa. During Economic Expansion: Immigrants are welcomedb. During Economic Contraction: anti-immigrant views (nativism) more commonV. Historical Backgrounda. Two Major Waves of Immigrationi. 1880-1924: primarily from Europeii. post- 1965: primarily from Latin America and Asiab. Limitations of Previous Graph: i. Ageii. Locationiii. 2nd Generationc. Immigrant Visibilityi. 1900: about 14% foreign born1. 21% workersii. 2000: about 11% foreign born1. 14% workersd. Immigrant Community (1st and 2nd Gen)i. Much larger e. Colonial America and New Republici. About 1/5 Blackii. Native Americans (large but not counted)iii. British Americans: 60-80%iv. Non-British: criticized for not assimilating1. Ben Franklin on Germansf. Immigrant Community i. 1900: 65% of household native-bornii. 2000: 73% native borng. New Immigrants (2nd and 3rd Gen)i. Assimilate and experience upward mobilityh. How did New Immigrants Assimilate?i. Educational, employment opportunitiesii. Unionizationiii. Intermarriage: by 1950 only a minority of new immigrants not of mixed percentageiv. Key Point: CONTEXT MATTERS (different situations at different times)v. Assimilation in mid-20th century very different from assimilation for more recent immigrantsi. Recent Immigrants (post – 1965)i. Asia and Latin Americaii. Variety of skills and educational backgroundsiii. Encounter a very different labor market (v. “new” immigrants of turn of 19th/20th century)VI. Reading Discussion – Tellesa. Are Mexcian Immigrants assimilating (or incorporating) at similar rates as immigrants from other periods in American history?1. No, they are similar, but different due to context. ii. Are mexicans “old”, “new”, or “recent” immigrants?1. They are all of them.iii. Key findings of Mexican americans study project?1. Different receiving communities have different impact/outcome2. Vast differences between levels of assimilationVII. Major Periods of Mexican Migrationa. Mexican Revolution and WWI – 1910-1917i. Push factor: violence and turmoil of revolutionii. Pull factor: demand for workers and soldiers in war effortiii. Estimated that 400,000 Mexicans migratedb. Depression (1930s)i. Deportation or Repatriation of an estimated 600,000 “Mexicans”ii. Little distinction made between citizens and immigrantsc. WWII and Bracero Program (1940s-64)i. Federal guest-worker program1. War effort, esp. in agricultural production2. 5 million workers d. Note on Mexican immigrants from WWI and WWIIi. Military service: exemplaryii. ID as Mexican and Americane. Chain or Seasonal Migration (1964 to present)i. Economic Crises in Mexico and Latin America (1980s-1990s)VIII. Reading Discussion – Zhoua. What are some of the challenged to defining “Asian American”?b. What contributed to the dramatic increase in the number of Americans of Asian ancestry after 1965?c. What are negative aspects of being identified as a “model