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IUB TEL-T 205 - The One That Is Rated R

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TEL-T 205 1st Edition Lecture 13 The One That Is Rated R1) Protection From Harmful Contenta) Media policy measuresi) Emphasis on protection (1970)(1) Ensure the public airwaves are used for the public good(2) Mandate broadcast stations to air content that was good for kids (educational or pro social) at hours that children would be watching television(3) Effectiveness is debatable ii) Deregulation (1980’s)(1) Swept lots of industries and hit the media industry hard(2) All laws put in place to regulate and protect children from harmful content were goneiii) Telecommunications Act (1996)(1) Put back in place some of the regulations for children’s programming that existedin the 1970’s(2) Focus on Advertisement on children in a weaker form (a) Limit on advertising time (i) Sound limiting exposure to ads  creates an audience that is less effected by the ads(ii) Adult content has 16 min of advertisements and children’s content has 12min of content(b) Band on host selling [Definition has changed](i) Old def: could not have shows that were produced to sell products1. People invent toys first and then make cartoon that revolves around the toy2. Designed to sell merchandise (ii) 1996 definition: Can’t have a commercial for a product during a show thathas the same character1. pointless but needed to do something 2. fines are insignificants Disney pays an immense amount of fines for it(c) “Bumpers” Kids cannot distinguish programs or commercials (i) Put bumpers in [ tell kids the program is on pause and taking a commercial break]These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.(ii) Pointless if child cannot tell between program and commercial, not they cannot tell program, from the bumper, from the commercial 1. Another thing they cannot distinguish(iii) Apply to an online environmental as well1. Childs cannot tell the difference between a banner ad to their entertainment a. When they click on the ad that takes them to a different page they cannot tell they are at a different page with different entertainment b. May accidentally install things on the computer they did not meanto 2) The Ratings Systema) Goal: switching responsibilities from producers to parents; provides information to parents so they can govern what their child has access to i) Allow producers to have creative freedom ii) Free producers from censorshipb) Rating systems fail at these goals i) Who rates them?(1) Movies: MPAA(a) Committee of people who watch the movies (b) They tend to know someone in the industry and need to be a parent(2) TV: Producers(a) Of the show decides they ratings(3) Video Games: ESRB(a) Structured like the MPAA Board however they do not play the game like they watch the movie(b) Submit a written overview of the game and 30 min of recorded playii) All rating systems are voluntary  the government has no involvement and no policyor law involvediii) Issues?(1) Consistency lack there of across media (a) Different systems of rating and different people rating the content(b) Even within media there is no consistency(i) Ex. TV: different producers rate content differently(2) Not applied accurately (i) 70% of all TV shows with violence don’t have the letter V attached(ii) 70% of sexual content don’t have a letter attached 1. part of this is due to the fact that different letters are applied differently based on the age(3) Knowledge (a) Most parents do not understand what these ratings mean or how they work(b) Even if they did understand how they work [ can block all shows that have theletter V with the V-chip](i) 70% of all shows that are violent do not have the rating V(ii) So children still have access to violent content (4) Relevance(a) Irrelevant to understanding of effects and development(b) Why have a PG 13 rating when there is no development that happens at age 13(c) Rating are completely arbitrary (i) They mean nothing and are not based on child cognitive development or what we know about effects from the media(d) Not at all about younger children being vulnerable(e) Society worries about the wrong things(f) Who is more effected by sexual content (7 year old or 17 year old)(i) 7 year old is not thinking about sex(g) Disconnect between concerns & ratings(5) Forbidden Fruit: Children want things that are off limits to them(6) Self-Censorship(a) Desired ratings is already known (i) Knowing what rating you need acts as a censorship to provide content that fits a certain ratingc) Ideal Systemi) Get rid of the age rating systemii) Implement something similar to cigarette labels(1) Information about what it contains and what effects they may


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