SOC 101 1st EditionExam # 2 Study Guide Chapter8-12Chapter 8:I. Symbolic Interactionists:- Differential association theory- [Social] Control theory; social bonds [attachment, commitment, involvement, belief]II. Labeling theory; process of labeling (PP slide 5), deviance amplification; techniques of neutralizationIII. Stigma, 3 types: physical, personal, tribal; Erving GoffmanIV. Shaming/degradation ceremony V. Functionalists; functions and dysfunctions of deviance- Robert Merton- Strain Theory and motivation for crime, cultural structure vs. social structure- Anomie/sense of normlessness- Responses to Strain: Conformity; Innovation; Ritualism; Retreatism; RebellionVI. Conflict Theory:-  prison population; social controlVII. Death penalty and bias VIII. Medicalization of devianceIX. Deviance and Social Control- Perception is key (reaction)X. Deviance & crime are relative; definitions of eachFilm: GirlhoodIn what ways do the people in the film use the 3 symbolic interactionist theories of crime and deviance to explain their situation?Chapter 11:- Gender inequality (lecture & text)- Gender stratification/income inequality- Explanations:- Status composition- Status closure/glass ceiling- Double bind- Maternal wall- Glass escalatorGender Socializationo Teaching gender and enforcing ito policing hegemonic masculinityo e.g., Pascoe, Dude You’re a FagGender inequality - Women as minority group (text)- Sex typing of work (text)- Global discrimination against women (text)- Sex and Gender [definitions]- Doing gender changes across time and cultures. E.g. doing masculinity in films- Nature vs. nurture- Feminism (text)- Double jeopardy- Example of trombonist from Gladwell’s Blink- Underrepresentation of women as full characters in media; Bechdel testFilm: Miss RepresentationIdentify at least 5 ways the media helps sustain gender inequality.- Prejudice and discrimination (lecture & text)- Internalizing dominant norms (text)- Persistence of racial inequality and racism- basic statistics on inequality (lecture, text)- e.g., “Shopping while black”; ABC News- William Julius Wilson; race or class? (lecture, text)- e.g., Henry Louis Gates- Individual and institutional discrimination (lecture notes and text)- Examples of institutional racism:- history of bank loans/home mortgages (lecture notes and text)- residential segregation by race (lecture notes)- Contact theory (text)- Functionalist, conflict, and symbolic interactionist perspectives on prejudice (text)- Genocide (text)- Internal colonialism (text)- Unpacking the invisible backpack/cultural privilege (text)- Latinos (text) - Race as social construction; not really based on biological difference- Racial categorization = arbitrary; e.g. height; skin color- Race as social fact- History of whiteness; e.g., Italian miners, etc.- Tim Wise; conflict perspective on race- Jay Smooth; dental hygiene perspective on talking about race- Color-blind rhetoric; post-racial society - Race: myth and reality (text)- E.g., Tiger Woods (text)- Ethnic groups (text)- Ethnic work (text)- African Americans (text)- Media underrepresentation of nonwhites; media stereotypes of nonwhites (lecture notes)Chapter 10:• How many classes are there & what are they?- Marx- Wright- Gilbert and Kahl• Underclass (critique)• Social mobility [text]• Maslow’s hierarchy of needs• Structures of opportunity and constraint available to rich and poor- Example from class of two students thinking about college• Consequences of inequality/social class/poverty [text & film]• Film: Unnatural Causes: In Sickness and Wealth• Class/class location (define)- Power/The power elite (Mills) [text]- Prestige [text]• Status inconsistency [text]• Social class (define) [lecture & text]• Income vs. wealth• Poverty- Who is poor? [text]- Children in poverty [text]- Deserving vs. undeserving poor [text]- How is poverty defined?- Critiques of poverty line- Rates of poverty: overall, by race/ethnicity• Basic statistics on inequality in the US- Changes since 1970s- Inequality in income & wealth - How US compares to other advanced industrial