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UH GEOL 1350 - ch.8
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Geology 1350 Lecture 16 Outline of Last Lecture I. SymbolsII. FrontsIII. Air mass frontsOutline of Current Lecture I. Middle lat cyclonesII. Weather forecastingCurrent LectureCh.8Cyclone- area of intense low pressure around which the winds blow counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern hemisphereMid lat cyclones- warmer on equator and cooler on poles, cyclones begins with a stationary front (usually a segment of the polar front)Nascent stage- of cyclone or incipient cyclone frontal wave developedMature stage- fully development open wave with cold and warm front, (more isobars stronger winds)Partially occluded stage begins- begins when the cold front starts to overrun the warm front Occluded stage- more warm air being pushed aloft and the size of the warm air wedge at the surface decreases significantlyRelationship b/n occluded fronts and midlats cyclone- warm air has stratus clouds, cold air acts like a wall and pushes warm then occlusion occurs and warm air pushes cold upwardsDissipation stage or death- final decay stage of the cyclone the warm air is isolated aloft with cold air beneath Winter is strongest storms and e systems because temp gradient is steeper can be as strong as hurricanesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Summary- 1.starts with temp gradient 2. Something triggers evolution of frontal systems What else strengthens frontal systems and low pressure? 3rd dimension- when upper air divergence is stronger than surface convergence (more air is taken out from the top than is brought in at the bottom) surface pressure drop and the low intensifies or deepensConvergence and divergenceDeepening of cyclones into explosive cyclogenesis is prohibited when low pressure aloft is directly above the surface low, If we go up 500mb layer(50 above and below at 5.5 %)- what initiates cyclogenesis-when upper level divergence (air is going out) is stronger than lower level convergence(air coming in ) more air is going out at the top than is brought in at the bottom. Surface pressure drops and the low intensifies or deepensDivergence aloft will open up space (if lots of people go out the door people go left and right which is divergence and space opens up)Storm vertical structure- divergne of air aloft occurs as isobars intervals widen, low pressure systems deepen and intensify become strongerThe relationship b/n upper level ridge trough and surface high and lowUpper level waves- northern hemisphere earths poles are encircled by 3 to 6 longwaves (rossby waves) directing upper level winds around lows at the 500 mb surface (north), can trigger stormsShortwwave disturbance- 2 conditions barotropic- stationary front,isobars and isotherms are parallel then degenerate into baroclinic- high and low pressure systems large differences in temp. then into barotropic- occluded frontJet convergence and divergence- planetary waves, polar jet forces air convergence aloft upstream of the deepening open wave cyclone and then divergence downstream,when winds are gone cyclone degradesWave cyclone development- family of cyclones can move northCyclone and anticyclone paths-Cyclogenesis strengthens the cyclones and moves them to


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UH GEOL 1350 - ch.8

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