Motivation: “Functional Autonomy”Behavior serves certain functionsMotivation becomes autonomousMotives can change over time; as your perform a behavior over and over the function of behavior become autonomousBecomes independent of the original functionWhat might prompt you to do something may not be the thing that keeps you doing the same behaviorEX: you start smoking in HS because you thought it was cool, but eventually the motivation for doing it becomes autonomous, so now you smoke to avoid withdrawal.Ex: start playing football because you love the game, but say you get drafted in the NFL and instead of playing for the love of the game, you play for financial securityAllport thought that motivations shifts;Zeigarnik Effect: participants in research studies will spontaneous resume tasks they failed to complete during an experimentSomething about the task has become motivatingPerseverative: the more primitive form (addictions)To keep doing the same thing over againIf you keep doing it over again it becomes motivated, motivation comes about through simple repetitionPropriate: more complex form (personality as whole)As people did certain things over again, they start to work the motivation of doing something into their personalityEnergy organization: people develop motive to help organize our energy; humans have to be motivated to somethingMastery/competence: looking for challenges, being different form person to person. We select challenges to be optimally challenging, being obtainable but also an accomplishmentPropriate patterning: determined by the wholeness of your personalityAllport studied people; he was very idiographic.Felt that you could have a very detailed understanding of people but it wouldn’t tell you too much more because every one is differentRaymond Cattell (1905-1998) nomotheticNomothetic trait theoristBritish, middle-classAttended University of London, in chemistry and physicsSenior year, he went to a lecture given by Sir Cyril BurtThe lecture was over conquering social problems through psychologyMany of the problems in society was caused by low intelligenceThought intelligence was genetically determinedLiked looking at twins, studied intelligence on twins that were raised apartMade up data about twins and is known as one of the biggest frauds in psychologyPursued a graduate education in Psychology; 1929 Ph.D. with Charles SpearmanQuantitative psychologists: someone that used stats and numbers to try to determine behaviorCattell was trained in statistical methodsCattell wanted to be a professor, but there were only 6 spots.Instead he became an educational psychologistIPAT:Traits: relative permanent property that defines what a person will doWhat you do in a defined situationSurface Traits: what can be seen on the surface of a person’s personalitySource Traits: traits that lie at the source of one’s personalityElements of personalityCattell’s Methodology: dataInterested in data and numbersL-Data (life Record)Q- Data (questionnaire)Answering questions about yourself also called self-reportIts an accurate representation of what the person believes to be true about themselvesT-data (objective test)People create a situation and to monitor responsibilitiesCattell’s Methodology: AnalysisWhat underline characteristic explain all of those behaviorsFactor analysis: identifies a small or reduced number whose operation accounts as a crash pad, tries to see if its possible to find a correlation with a small groupIgan value:Sum of all of the correlationsLecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. The “trait” ConstructII. “Building Blocks” of PersonalityIII. Super traitIV. Gordon Allporta. Early Years b. Personality as an Open Systemc. Traits and Dispositionsi. Common Traitii. Individual Trait1. Cardinal Disposition2. Central Disposition3. Secondary Dispositiond. Development of Personalityi. Bodily Selfii. Self-Identityiii. Self-Esteemiv. Extension of Selfv. Self Image vi. Self as “Rational Coper”vii. Proprium and Propriate Strivings e. Motivation: “Functional Autonomy”Outline of Current Lecture V. Motivation: “Functional Autonomy”a. Perseverative b. Propriate i. Energy Organization ii. Mastery/Competence iii. Propriate Patterning VI. Zeigarnik Effect VII. Raymond Cattell a. Early Years VIII.Traitsa. Surface Traits b. Source Traits IX. Cattell’s Methodolgy: Dataa. L- Datab. Q- Datac. T-DataX. Cattell’s Methodology: Analysis XI. Igan ValuePSYC 330 1st EditionCurrent Lecture Motivation: “Functional Autonomy”- Behavior serves certain functionso Motivation becomes autonomous Motives can change over time; as your perform a behavior over and over the function of behavior become autonomous Becomes independent of the original function What might prompt you to do something may not be the thing that keeps you doing the same behavior- EX: you start smoking in HS because you thought it was cool, but eventually the motivation for doing it becomes autonomous, so now you smoke to avoid withdrawal.- Ex: start playing football because you love the game, but say you get drafted in the NFL and instead of playing for the love of the game, you play for financial security- Allport thought that motivations shifts; - Zeigarnik Effect: participants in research studies will spontaneous resume tasks they failed to complete during an experiment o Something about the task has become motivating- Perseverative: the more primitive form (addictions)o To keep doing the same thing over againo If you keep doing it over again it becomes motivated, motivation comes about through simple repetition - Propriate: more complex form (personality as whole)o As people did certain things over again, they start to work the motivation of doing something into their personality Energy organization: people develop motive to help organize our energy; humans have to be motivated to something  Mastery/competence: looking for challenges, being different form person to person. We select challenges to be optimally challenging, being obtainable but also an accomplishment Propriate patterning: determined by the wholeness of your personality Allport studied people; he was very idiographic.- Felt that you could have a very detailed understanding of people but it wouldn’t tell you too much more because every one is different  Raymond Cattell (1905-1998) nomothetic - Nomothetic trait theorist- British, middle-class- Attended University of London, in chemistry and