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Viruses and Virus Disease Complexes of Sweetpotato

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Received: 15 March, 2007. Accepted: 2 May, 2007. Invited Review Plant Viruses ©2007 Global Science Books Viruses and Virus Disease Complexes of Sweetpotato Rodrigo A. Valverde1* • Christopher A. Clark1 • Jari P. T. Valkonen2 1 Dept. of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA 2 Dept. of Applied Biology, PO Box 27, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Corresponding author: * [email protected] ABSTRACT Sweetpotato is an important crop for food security in many developing countries. Surveys have consistently listed virus diseases, especially sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD), as the most important diseases of this crop, yet they remain the most difficult diseases to manage. Much has been learned about sweetpotato viruses from independent research programs in different countries in recent years. Although there are indications that some viruses are yet to be isolated and characterized, there are at least 15 well characterized viruses now known from sweetpotato. It has become evident that sweetpotatoes are often infected by complexes of viruses and that interactions among these viruses influence the symptoms and yield losses. The crinivirus, Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV), can greatly enhance the activity not only of the other key component of Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV, a potyvirus), but also a number of other unrelated viruses. SPCSV will be the primary focus of future research to understand and control sweetpotato virus disease complexes. Sweetpotato begomoviruses are more widely distributed than previously recognized and may also require attention. International scientific exchange and collaboration could help determine why SPVD occurs in some countries but not others and provide insight to controlling this disease in the future. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: Ipomoea batatas, mixed infections, virus detection, host resistance Abbreviations: CMV, Cucumber mosaic virus; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HCPro, helper component proteinase; HSP70, heat shock protein 70; IVMV, Ipomoea vein mosaic virus; IYVV, Ipomoea yellow vein virus; NCM-ELISA, nitrocellulose membrane ELISA; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PTGS, posttranscriptional gene silencing; PVX, Potato virus X; PVY, Potato virus Y; QTL, quantitative trait loci; RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR; SSA, sub-Saharan Africa; SPVD, sweetpotato virus disease; SPCSV, Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus; SPFMV, Sweet potato feathery mottle virus; SwPLV, Sweet potato latent virus; SPLCV, Sweet potato leaf curl virus; SPLCGV, Sweet potato leaf curl Georgia virus; SPLSV, Sweet potato leaf speckling virus; SPMMV, Sweet potato mild mottle virus; SPV2, Sweet potato virus 2; SPVY, Sweet potato virus Y; SPMSV, Sweet potato mild speckling virus; SPVG, Sweet potato virus G; SPYD, Sweet potato yellow dwarf virus; TSWV, Tomato spotted wilt virus CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................................................................... 116 ETIOLOGY OF SWEETPOTATO VIRUS DISEASES ............................................................................................................................ 117 DIAGNOSIS AND DETECTION.............................................................................................................................................................. 118 ELISA.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 118 Molecular hybridization ........................................................................................................................................................................ 119 PCR ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 119 SWEETPOTATO VIRUS DISEASE COMPLEXES................................................................................................................................. 119 SWEETPOTATO BEGOMOVIRUSES – AN OVERLOOKED COMPONENT ...................................................................................... 120 CONTROL OF SWEETPOTATO VIRUS DISEASES.............................................................................................................................. 121 Approaches to using virus resistance..................................................................................................................................................... 121 Seed programs and phytosanitary measures .......................................................................................................................................... 122 Epidemiology and management strategies............................................................................................................................................. 123 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................................................................................................ 123 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 124 REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................................................................... 124 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Among the food crops worldwide, sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) is the third most important root crop after potato and cassava and is ranked seventh in global food crop production. Sweetpotato ranks fourth in importance in the developing world after rice, wheat, and corn (Kays 2005). The crop is grown primarily in tropical and subtropical regions usually with low input and can produce high yield under marginal conditions. In tropical regions, the crop can be grown year round. Vine cuttings from mature crops are


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