Week 11, Session 2Chapter 23: The Evolution of PopulationsSupplemental InstructionIowa State UniversityLeader: KelseyCourse: Bio 211 (5)Instructor: Dr. HolscherDate: 11-3-091. What is the smallest unit that can evolve? a population2. What are the three main mechanisms of microevolution?- Natural selection- Genetic drift- Gene flow3. What is the difference between discrete and quantitative traits? Discrete traits are “either/or”, quantitative traits occur on a continuum.4. How are new alleles formed?through mutation5. What is a gene pool? Collection of all genes existing in a population at any given time. Contains all alleles for all loci. 6. What are the five conditions that must be met to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? - No mutations- Random mating- No natural selection- Extremely large population size- No gene flow7. In Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium…- p = frequency of dominant allele in population- q = frequency of recessive allele in population- p2= frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in population- q2= frequency of homozygous recessive individuals in population- 2pq= frequency of heterozygous individuals in populationSupplemental Instruction1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center v 294-6624 v www.si.iastate.edu8. Pretend you have a population of cats in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. You are examiningcolor, which has alleles C and c. The frequency of allele c is 0.3. What percentage of the population is heterozygous for color?q=0.3p+q=11-q=0.7heterozygous=2pq = 2(0.7)(0.3) = 0.42= 42% heterozygous9. 1 in 1700 newborn babies has Cystic Fibrosis. C is normal and dominant, c indicates Cystic Fibrosis and is recessive. - What percentage of this population (1700) has Cystic Fibrosis? 1/1700=.00059=0.59% (q2)- What is the allele frequency of c?sqr. root of .00059 (q) = 0.024, 2.4%- What is the allele frequency of C?C(p)=1-0.024 = 0.976, 97.6% - What percentage of individuals are homozygous dominant?p2, 0.9762 = .953, 95.3%- What percentage of individuals are carriers?2pq, 2(0.976)(.024)=0.0468.
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