1 Environmental Geology Spring 2011 Final Exam Study Guide Final – Tuesday June 7, 2011 – 3-5 PM The Final Exam will be in 2 parts, the lab skills portion will be open book. You will be able to use your notes, conversion charts, answer keys, etc. to work on lab-style problems. Make sure you go over the groundwater problem answer keys before the exam, if you are still uncertain how to solve the problems, see me ASAP. The second part of the exam will be closed book, and consist of long-answer essay questions and short-answer terminology. Be prepared to make sketches of diagrams to illustrate your answers. Key WordsHydrologic Cycle / Water Budget hydrology spatial scale temporal scale mass energy flux mass transfer functions evaporation condensation precipitation runoff infiltration transpiration deterministic vs. stochastic processes hydrologic cycle (sketch it) convection advection groundwater surface water global water storage residence time compartments oceans groundwater lakes glaciers ice caps transpiration evapotranspiration runoff infiltration vegetative interception ice sheets oceans springs soil moisture atmospheric moisture fresh water storage Tectonic Framework of the Willamette Valley Cacadia subduction zone Cascadia volcanic arc Coast range Willamette Valley Forearc basin Oblique convergence Clockwise rotation Arc volcanism Accretionary uplift Subducting slab Juan de Fuca plate NAM plate Siletz river volcanics Tyee Formation Yamhill formation Western Cascade Volcanism High Cascade volcanism Fault-folds Physiographic Framework of Willamette Lowland Aquifer System Willamette Aquifer System Basement confining unit Columbia river basalt Willamette confining Willamette Aquifer Willamette Silt Unconsolidated valley fill Valley-fill alluvium Fractured basalt aquifer Gravel aquifers Missoula flood silt Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Bedrock Basin-fill sediment Floodplain sediment Terrace sediment Active channels Holocene Quaternary Missoula flood deposits Terrace gravels Willamette alluvium Isopach maps Willamette Silt Portland Basin Gravels Central-Southern Valley silts Groundwater groundwater meteoric water connate water juvenile water porosity permeability horizontal permeability vertical permeability intergranular porosity fracture porosity solution cavities total porosity yield porosity primary vs. secondary porosity Darcy's law Q=KIA hydraulic gradient2 cross-sectional area specific yield specific retention zone of aeration vadose zone zone of saturation phreatic zone water table groundwater flow cone of depression aquifer aquitard artesian aquifer water table aquifer confined aquifer unconfined aquifer water table potentiometric surface piezometer unconsolidated aquifer consolidated aquifer infiltration groundwater contamination contaminant plume well monitoring well static water level depth to water drawdown hydraulic head specific capacity pumping rate Monmouth-Independence Hydrogeology(field trip) hydrogeologic setting Quaternary alluvium Quaternary older alluvium Quaternary terrrace deposits Missoula Flood Deposits Willamette Silts gravel aquifer unconfined aquifer regional hydraulic gradient Spencer Formation Columbia River Basalts Isopach Map Groundwater Contour Map salinity concentration specific conductivity contaminant sources underground storage tank environmental release double-wall tank vapor detection system monitoring well environmental property assessment tank leakage tank farm agricultural practice pesticide / herbicide land use production wells municipal well supply gravel aquifer Willamette Valley Hydrogeology Coast Range marine volcanics and sed. Rocks Landuse Forest land Agricultural land Forested upland Field crops Tree farming Grass crops Nursery products urbanization Alluvial Fill Willamette Gravels Willamette Aquifer Willamette Silt Western Cascades Volcanics High Cascades Volcanics hydrogeologic setting Quaternary alluvium Quaternary older alluvium Quaternary terrrace deposits Missoula Flood Deposits Willamette Silts gravel aquifer unconfined aquifer regional hydraulic gradient Spencer Formation Columbia River Basalts Isopach Map Groundwater Contour Map salinity concentration specific conductivity agricultural practice pesticide / herbicide land use production wells municipal well supply gravel aquifer Water Wells / Drilling Hollow stem auger Cable tool drilling Air rotary drilling “Casing” “Well Screen” Grout Slotted screen Riser pipe Sand pack Tri-cone rotary bit Well log Drillers log Total depth Bore-hole diameter Annular diameter SWL TD Static water level DTW Depth to water Datum know what a well installation looks like (be able to sketch it) drill rig hollow stem auger well screen well riser well diameter static water level pumping water level Willamette Aquifer-Willamette Silts Case Study (Nitrate Problem Willamette silt3 Willamette aquifer Gravel aquifer Willamette Confining Unit Aquifer vs. aquitard “buffer” basalt aquifers river alluvium alluvial aquifers Missoula flood gravels Erratics Pumping / drawdown Pump tests Slug test Permeability Storativity Chemical buffer Oxidation / reductions Denitrification Denitrifying bacteria Overview of Site Investigations and Groundwater Remediation Site history Site geology Site hydrogeology Aquifer characterization Contamination assessment Contaminant characterization Contaminant distribution LNAPLs DNAPLs Soil sampling Water sampling Monitoring well construction Contaminant plume Groundwater plume Vapor phase Liquid phase Soluble phase “free product” Analysis Risk assessment Remediation study Passive vs. active remediation Source removal Plume confinement Bioremediation Chemical treatment Natural attenuation Waste Isolation Pump-and-treat systems Capping and isolation Bioremediation Soil vapor extraction AEG Student Night Posters – Prepare to answer a ½-1 page essay question on your top 5 favorite poster topics encountered at AEG student night. Use the web resources and meeting abstracts to prepare to answer this question. The Oregon Water Conference – Prepare to answer a ½-1 page essay question on your top 5 favorite topics encountered at the Oregon Water Conference. Use the web resources and meeting abstracts to prepare to answer this question. WOU Academic Showcase Prepare to answer a ½-1 page essay question on your top 5 favorite showcase topics encountered at WOU academic showcase. Use the web resources and meeting