Lecture 2 POLS 207Outline of Last Lecture I. Why Government is Necessarya. Market definitions II. American Political PhilosophyIII. Value of a LifeOutline of Current Lecture I. Definition of Politicsa. PolicyII. What Type of Fairness?III. How should State and Local Governments Decide?IV. Anecdote a. Scorpion and frogCurrent Lecture*Definition of Politics (need to know all different versions)Webster definition: “The art or science of governing”Easton definition: Politics is concerned with the authoritative allocation of valuesLasswell: “Who gets what, when, and how…” (Professor’s favorite version of definition) Policy- can be informal or formal- there are penalties for deviation (example speeding laws would be formal vs. sniffing armpit would be an informal deviation of social norm) What Type of Fairness?Equality of outcome?Example: One student studies more than another and does better on the test, but they get the same grade regardless Each person receives the same benefitExample in government: everyone deserves a high school education Equality of opportunity?Having the opportunity rather than everyone getting the same benefitExample: getting a college educationExample: being better looking, you tend to make more money in the course of your lifetime than someone that is notHow Should State and Local Governments make decisions?Majority rule?A well-informed minority?Special interests? (not liked because its often associated with giving money)Scorpion and frog Anecdote A scorpion comes to a river and can’t swim so it was a frog to carry him across the river. The frog says no because the scorpion will just sting and kill him. But the scorpion reassures the frog that he won’t because then the scorpion will fall in the river and can’t swim so will die too. So the frog agrees and carries the scorpion across the river. Then halfway across the river the scorpion stings the frog and as the frog is dying he says why because now you’re going to die too since you can’t swim? And the scorpion says… It’s in my