1 Sociology 357 Methods of Sociological Inquiry STUDY GUIDE FOR TEST TWO Format Multiple choice and true-false questions: 15*1 point each Short answer questions: 5*2 points each Total = 25 points, 15% of grades Topics (lecture 10 to lecture 18) Quantitative Data Analysis • Categorical and continuous variables • Univariate analysis o Mean o Variance o Proportions • Bivariate analysis (know when to use which method of analysis and be able to interpret the results) o Crosstabulation o Group comparison of means o Correlation Sampling • Sample representation • Probability sampling o Simple random sampling o Systematic sampling o Stratified sampling and oversampling o Multistage-Cluster sampling • Know when to use stratified sampling and cluster sampling • Probability proportionate to size sampling (why do we use it?) • Non-probability sampling o Convenience sampling o Purposive sampling o Quota sampling o Snowball sampling • Advantages and disadvantages of various sampling methods2 Experiments • Manipulation of treatment • Randomization and matching • Comparison of experiments and observational studies • Relationships of selection bias, randomization, and internal validity • Internal validity o Common threats to internal validity o Selection bias o Hawthorne effect o Placebo effect o Double-blind o Regression toward the mean • One-group pretest-posttest design • Two-group pretest-posttest design • Two-group posttest-only design (why can we omit the pretest?) • External validity o Common threats to external validity • Quasi-experiments o Before-and-after design o Nonequivalent control group design Statistical inference • Sample statistics as estimates of population parameters • Sampling distribution • The relationships of sample size, population variability, sampling ratio, sampling error, and sample representativeness • Sampling error and non-sampling error Survey • Errors in survey questions (ambiguity, double-barreled questions, negative items, double-negatives, biased items and terms) • Interview effects and interviewer effects • Mutually exclusive and exhaustive categories • Advantages and disadvantages of various survey modes (F2F, phone, mail, web) Indexes and scales • Why use indexes and scales • Likert scale • Guttman scale • Index and scale construction Stata will not appear on the test3 Readings • Schutt, chapters 14, 5, 7, 8, 15 • “Self-Experimentation” • “Indexes, Scales, and
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