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Academic learning time The amount of time a student is engaged in a particular subject or learning task at which he or she is successful. Accountability Holding teachers responsible for their teaching practices and for what their students learn. Art of teaching A degree of accomplishment that allows basing complex decisions more on the teacher's experience than on research and scientific evidence. Authentic relationships Relationships teachers build with their students where both teacher and students treat each other as real and significant people. Best practice Teaching methods, processes, and procedures that have been shown to be effective for helping students learn. Constructivism A perspective of teaching and learning in which a learner constructs meaning from experience and interaction with others and the teacher's role is to provide meaningful experiences for students. Constructivist perspective A view that knowledge is often times personal and that humans construct knowledge and meaning through experience. Demographic assumptions Assumptions made by societies about the demographic makeup of that society. Demography Study of population patterns; in education this study is most concerned with size and distribution of school-aged children and youth. Expert teachers Experienced teachers who have mastered the art and science of teaching. Instructional aspects of teaching Aspects of teachers' work that involve face-to-face instruction of students. Knowledge base Information, accumulated over time from research and from the wisdom of experienced teachers, that informs teaching practices. Leadership functions of teaching Aspects of teachers' work, such as providing motivation and coordinating and controlling learning environments and activities. Novice teacher A teacher who is just beginning and is still learning the art and science of teaching. Objectivist perspective A view that knowledge consists of "truths" and an objective reality that humans have access to and can learn through discovery and inquiry. Organizational functions of teaching Those aspects of teachers' work involving interactions with other adults in the school setting for the purpose of schoolwide planning and coordination.Pedagogy The study of the art and science of teaching; also refers to the methods and approaches to instruction. Practical arguments Reasoning, based on knowledge and beliefs, that is used by teachers as they make pedagogical decisions. Reflection Careful and analytical thought by teachers about what they are doing and the effects of their behavior on their instruction and on student learning. Repertoire The number of teaching approaches and strategies that teachers are able to use to help students learn. Scientific basis of teaching Teaching in which decisions are based on research and scientific evidence. Socially just classroom Classrooms where students are engaged in the struggle for social justice in the larger society as well in the classroom itself. Teaching model A term used by Bruce Joyce to describe an overall approach or plan toward instruction. The attributes of teaching models are a coherent theoretical framework, an orientation toward what students should learn, and specific teaching procedures and


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NAU ECI 450 - Study Notes

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