1early_weeks1-2outline.wpdEarly Modern World History, weeks 1-21. What is the early modern world?a. 1500-1800i. 1453, Mohamed II/Constantinopleii. 1455, Gutenbergiii. 1487, Bartolomeu Dias/Cape of Good Hopeiv. 1492, Columbus; Castille & Aragon reconquer Granadav. 1499-1501, da Gama/India2. Why periodize history?a. Ancient/Classical/Medieval/Early Modern/Modernb. Periodization asi. help/shorthand to comprehend the broad narrativeii. as basis for argument in history3. Weltanschauung and Anachronisma. Early modern creation of ancient pasti. John White’s Indians and Pictsii. Renaissance view of Antiquity and Dark Ages4. pre-modern civilizations and the relation between societies and civilizationsa. Pre-history?i. 4 million years of human-like creatures(1) humans from 500,000 years ago(a) Homo-sapiens from 100,000 years agoii. From gatherers to Agricultural/Neolithic Revolution (10,000-6,000 B.C.E.)b. relation of civilization and cultures (hierarchy and records)c. Agriculture, Cities, and River Basinsd. Civilization and barbarians5. Civilization (single)?; or Civilizations (multiple)?a. not first world and third world, but East and West6. Indian Civilization (Hindu, Muslim, Sikh, to 13 century, pre-Mongol, pre-Mughal)tha. Indus and the Gangesi. cities and floodingii. Indus(1) overun by Aryans iron-age pastoralist warriorsiii. Ganges(1) Kingdoms over several peoplesb. Rulers, armies, bureaucracyi. light controlii. heavy taxes in speciec. Economyi. long-distance tradeii. Muslims and Middle East tradeiii. art and artisansd. Religioni. Hindu(1) Bhagavad-Gita and salvation(2) caste and inequality(3) Brahmans and control of religious booksii. Buddhism(1) reaction against hierarchy(2) from philosophy to religion(3) wiped out in India in 13 century (1202), to East Asiathiii. Muslim(1) series of invasions and rule from the North(2) Punjab and Muslim people(3) small minority of Muslims; large majority of Hindusiv. Sikh(1) syncretic7. Pre-Mongol China a. Rulers [Northern Wei/Sui/Tang, 589-907; Southern Song/Jin (North)/Song, 960-1279]i. scholar-bureaucrats(1) Confucian, Neo-Confucian(2) examination systemii. invasions from the North(1) Great Wall from 3 century onrd2early_weeks1-2outline.wpd(2) barbarian raidersiii. building projects(1) Grand Canal (from 609)b. Economyi. family structureii. artisansiii. primacy of the farmer (Scholars/Farmers/Artisans/Merchants)(1) Green Revolution, 1000-1200iv. link to West with Silk Route(1) power of merchants in South China Guangzhou (Canton)c. Religioni. Confucianii. Buddhism(1) bodhisattvas, grand teachers(2) used by new rulers, like Sui, to combat Confucian certainties of the scholar-bureacratsiii. Daoism(1) Neo-Confucianism a syncretic link with the spirituality of the Daoists (Qi)8. Mongols in East and West Asia, 1100-1400: the irony of a barbarian civilization?i. Rulers(1) Genghis Khan (1167-1227)(2) Ögödei son (rules, 1229-1241)(3) Möngke (rules 1251-1259)(4) Khubilai Khan (b. 1214, rules c. 1260-1294)ii. nomadic invaders, ruthless; but also unifiers & traders(1) Pax Mongolica along Silk Route(2) Problems: lack of dominant culture, lack of numbers (1.5 mill. Mongols, 60mill. Chinese)(a) Confucius: "One can conquer the world on horseback, but one cannotgovern it on horseback"iii. beginning of Eurasian/global history(1) Asian land mass as a bridge not a