DESIGN IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERINGReferences: - ASCE Manual & Report on Engineering Practice, Quality in the Constructed Project,1988.- Design of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants, WEF Manual of Practice, 1992.Designers translate regulatory requirements, public goals, financial constraints, & technology into treatment plants that operate reliably, economically, & unobtrusively to meet discharge standards.- Focus on achieving long-term gains- Be aware of past experience but amenable to changeNOTES:- Pollution transfer alone is not acceptable- Explore opportunities specific to the service area helps minimize cost and environmental impacts- Balance the goal of a plant that can respond to future uncertainties while not being excessively over-designed- Proven technology may be the simplest to implement (and may serve better than new, unproven technology)Local/Regional Concerns- geography, topography, climategravity flow, covered tanks, temperature effects on bioprocesses, evaporation- value of water as a resourcereuse- proximity of siteresidences, fields for sludge application- land limitations- regional air pollution (front range)Long-Term Gains- goal of stream water quality protectionPLUS water reclamation?Industrial pre-treatment  beneficial sludge useConsider “intermedia” contaminant transferNIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) - public connection to the problemOver-design:- stage construction in case projected population trends do not materialize- anticipate future requirements (how important?)ammonia, nitrate, phosphorus, metals- able to keep pace with O&M requirements?Special Concerns in Environmental Engineering:- Designs are conservative solutions with built-in redundancy- prevent negative effects from failure- example: chlorine tablets in case UV fails- Post-construction concerns are significant- start-up (especially with bioprocesses)- how may growth affect WW characteristics?- changing regulations- operation & maintenance of facilities- Changing regulations drive many environmental engineering designs- Consider both the positive and negative impacts of the potential solutions- “Stakeholders” impact the design (not just the owner); such as citizens, fishermen, etc.DESIGN PROJECT ACTIVITY PHASES1. FACILITIES PLANNINGdefine problem from vague owner/regulator goalsproblem solvingdetermine feasible solutions, evaluate solutions select best solutiondevelop preliminary designdevelop cost & financing estimate for designdevelop schedule for design implementationreviewed by owner, regulators, public2. DESIGNset design approach after review commentsprepare diagrams for process instrumentation and controldetailed design & equipment specificationsdevelop implementation plans(simultaneous operation of existing facilities)design team review (internal QA/QC), external value engrg.3. CONSTRUCTIONfinalize design, incorporate review commentsprepare bid requestaward construction contracton-site inspection, review/approve drawingsprepare O&M manualsapprove warranty testingperformance certification after 1 yr. operationDESIGN PROCESS PARTICIPANTS:CLIENT / OWNERPROJECT MANAGERDESIGN TEAM (engineers & support specialists)* public * regulators (involved in all phases)Client / Ownerprocedure for requesting and evaluating statement of qualifications from design professionals:- receives and evaluates qualifications- solicits proposals from a short list of consultants- selects consultant & negotiates services agreementBasis for selecting consultant:- professional & ethical reputation of firm- professional registration- demonstrated qualifications & capability to perform project tasks, inc. knowledge of regulations- evidence firm has business background to provide full & continuous service- abilities of the assigned staffsince design costs usually 5-10% of total construction costs, design cost doesn’t usuallyweight too heavily on the final selectionselection committeeAfter signed contract, consultants:refine & amplify project requirementsstudy & select best alternativecomplete project conceptualization & planningdevelop preliminary facility layoutdo additional studies if neededdocument activities in written reports to guide final design effort** owner reviews and approves each phaseConsultant produces completed design- plan & manage design, monitor costs & schedule- design in compliance with standards, regulations, laws, codes, etc.- arrange for design review, constructability review, operability & maintainability review, and peer review- produce final plans & specifications required for project bidding & awarding of the constructionAll project team member working cooperatively:- fulfill contract commitments competently & faithfully- deal openly & honestly with all project participants- protect public health, welfare, and