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Purdue HORT 30600 - Lecture notes

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History of Horticulture: Lecture 371Lecture 37 Lecture 37 Horticulture and Literature: ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare (1560–1616)Elizabethan playwright and poet Considered greatest writer in English, if not in any languageWrites historical plays, romances, and comedies; still performedSonnets still read by lovers (although many addressed to a man)Writes on the human conditionAmazing knowledge of horticulture, agriculture, seamanship, law, fishing, hunting, history, classics, etc. On this basis some claim Shakespeare’s work actually written by Edward de Vere, 17thEarl of Oxford (1550–1604)Greatest vocabulary of any writerMany English words have first usage in worksMany expressions have become clichésSomething is rotten in the state of DenmarkHamletThere’s small choice in rotten applesTaming of the ShrewHistory of Horticulture: Lecture 372Shakespeare uses the world of imagery: simile, metaphor, analogy to paint verbal picturesMay be key to understanding Shakespeare (Caroline Spurgeon 1931)Sources:Bookish facts: classics, bibleReal world: nature, sports, everyday life, horticultureRicher in horticulture than general farmingPlant growth and plan, seedingPruning and trainingManuring and weedingRipeness and decayGardens and gardeningPremiseA study of horticultural imagery in Shakespeare leads us to both an appreciate of his works as literature and an understanding of horticulture in the Elizabethan period as well as todayHorticultural InformationSo we grew together,Like to a double cherry, seeming parted,But yet a union in partition;Two lovely berries moulded on one stemMidsummer Night’s Dream ,III(2)139O, had the monster seen those lily handsTremble, like aspen leaves upon a luteTitus Andronicus, II(4)44Mine eyes smell Onions, I shall weep anon: All’s Well that Ends Well, V(3) 321And most dear actors, eat no onions nor garlic, for we are to utter sweet breathMidsummer Night’s Dream, IV(2) 42Plant ReferencesHistory of Horticulture: Lecture 373Not Poppy, nor mandragora,Nor all the drowsy syrups of the world,Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleepWhich thou owedst yesterdayOthello, III,(3)330Root of hemlock digg’d I’ the darkMacbeth, IV(1)25I have convey’d aboard; and I have broughtThe oil, the balsamum and aqua-vitaeComedy of Errors, IV(1)187MedicinalsWhen I have pluck’d the rose,I cannot give it vital growth again.It must needs wither: I’ll smell it on the treeOthello,V(2)86.Though other things grow fair against the sun,Yet fruits that blossom first will first be ripe Othello, II(3) 382Flowers and FloweringThe summer’s flower is to the summer sweet,Though to itself it only live and die;But if that flower with base infection meet,The basest weed outbraves his dignity:For sweetest things turn sourest by their deeds;Lilies that fester smell far worse than weeds.Venus and Adonis, (1079)History of Horticulture: Lecture 374‘Tis in ourselves that we are thus or thus. Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners: so that if we will plant nettles, or sow lettuce, set hyssop and weed up thyme, supply it with one gender of herbs, or distract it with many, either to have it sterile with idleness, or manured with industry, why, the power and corrigible authority of this lies in our willsOthello, I(3)322Come, my spade. There is no ancient gentlemen but gardeners, ditchers, and grave-makers: they hold up Adam’s professionHamlet, V(1)34.Gardens and GardenersBut, poor old man, thou prunest a rotten tree,That cannot so much as a blossom yieldIn lieu of all thy pains and husbandry As You Like It, II(3)63Her vine, the merry cheerer of the heart,Unpruned dies; her hedges even-pleach’d,Like prisoners wildly overgrown with hair,Put forth disorder’d twigs…And as our vineyards, fallows, meads, and hedges,Defective in their natures, grow to wildness,Even so our houses and ourselves and childrenHave lost, or do not learn for want of time,The sciences that should become our country…Henry V, V(2)PruningAs gardeners do with ordure (dung) hide those rootsThat shall first spring and be most delicateHenry V, II(2), 4ManuringHistory of Horticulture: Lecture 375Her royal stock graft with ignoble plantsRichard III, III(7) 127Noble stockWas graft with Crab-tree slip2nd Henry VI, III(2)213Nay, you shall see my orchard, where, in an arbour, we will eat a last year’s pippin of my own graffing, with a dish of caraways, and so forth.2nd Henry IV, V(3).GraftingYou see, sweet maid, we marryA gentle scion to the wildest stock,And make conceive a bark of baser kindBy bud of nobler race: this is an artWhich does mend nature, change it rather, butThe art itself is nature.Winter’s Tale. IV(4)81.How weary, stale, flat, and unprofitable,Seem to me all the uses of this world!Fie on’t! ah fie! ‘tis an unweeded garden,That grows to seed; things rank and gross in naturePossess it merelyHamlet, I(2)133Now ‘tis the spring, and weeds are shallow-rooted;Suffer them now, and they’ll o’ergrow the gardenAnd choke the herbs for want of husbandry2nd Henry VI, III(1)31Weeds and InsectsHistory of Horticulture: Lecture 376Thus are my blossoms blasted in the budAnd caterpillars eat my leaves away2nd Henry VI, III(1)89She never told her love,But let concealment, like a worm i’ the bud,Feed on her damask cheekTwelfth Night, II (4)113Death lies on her like an untimely frostUpon the sweetest flower of the fieldRomeo and Juliet, IV(5)58This is the state of man: to-day he puts forthThe tender leaves of hopes, to-morrow blossoms,And bears his blushing honours thick upon him;And third day comes a frost, a killing frost,And, when he thinks, good easy man, full surelyHis greatness is a-ripening, nips his root,And then he falls, as I doHenry VIII, III(2)70FrostFor never-resting time leads summer onTo hideous winter, and confounds him there;Sap check’d with frost and lusty leaves quite gone,Beauty o’ersnow’d, and bareness everywhere;Then, were not summer’s distillation left,A liquid prisoner pent in walls of glass,Beauty’s effect with beauty were bereft,Nor it, nor no remembrance what it was;But flowers distill’d, though they with winter meet,Leese but their show; their substance still lives sweet.Sonnet 5Horticultural SeasonsHistory of Horticulture: Lecture 377Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date;Sometime too hot the eye of heaven


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Purdue HORT 30600 - Lecture notes

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