DOC PREVIEW
UCSC OS 130 - Biological and Solubility Pumps

This preview shows page 1-2-3-27-28-29 out of 29 pages.

Save
View full document
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 29 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 29 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 29 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 29 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 29 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
View full document
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 29 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience
Premium Document
Do you want full access? Go Premium and unlock all 29 pages.
Access to all documents
Download any document
Ad free experience

Unformatted text preview:

Biological and Solubility PumpsNew (Export) vs. Regenerated ProductionFisheriesCO2 SequestrationNitrateAmmoniumAdapted from Chisholm 2000• Redfield (1958)• Dugdale & Goering (1967)• Eppley & Peterson (1979)• Shuter (1979)• Redfield (1958)• Dugdale & Goering (1967)• Eppley & Peterson (1979)• Shuter (1979)Estimating New Production In Vitro 14C Assimilation hours-->day O2 evolution hours-->day 15N measurements hours-->day 18O2 evolution hours-->day Physical Transport Sediment traps days-->months Bulk Property NO3 flux to photic zone hours-->days OUR below photic zone seasonal-->annual 238U/234Th 1-300 days Other Remote Sensing days-->weighted annual Optimal energy conversion instantaneousReconciling Time-Space ScalesSource: http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/OCDST/nab.htmlFRRFPvsEIncubationsSediment TrapsMass BalanceSteady State?Eppley &Peterson,1979• Defined the f-ratio• Determined thatthere are worldwidepatterns in exportproduction• Can estimateexport from totalproductivityBehrenfeld and Falkowski. 1997. L+O 42:1-20IP = 0.66125 PBopt Chlopt zeu tirr IoIo!+!4.1 [mg C m-2 d-1]PBopt - maximum C fixation rate per unit chlorophyllChlopt - chlorophyll concentration at the depth of PBoptzeu - euphotic depthtirr - photoperiodIo - surface irradianceHypothesis: A large body of evidence leads to theconclusion that light limits the growth of phytoplankton.The distribution of phytoplankton should reflect thedistribution of light.012345670 500 1000 1500 2000 2500Irradiance(µmol quanta m-2 s-1)PhotosynthesismgC (mg Chl)-1 h-1“High Light” Cells“Low Light” CellsBut…it looks like light kills phytoplankton.Hypothesis rejectedHypothesis: There is also evidence leads to the conclusionthat higher temperatures enhance the growth ofphytoplankton. The distribution of phytoplankton shouldreflect the distribution of surface temperature.Temperature (oC)Looks like phytoplankton have a low boilingpoint. Hypothesis rejected.SSTWell, its not light,not temperature,what could it be?Mixed Layer DepthsMar.Aug.A simple calculation, but a complex interaction….Annual “average” surfacenitrate concentration.Vigorous fluid mixingintroduces a net flux ofnitrate (read nutrients) intothe surface, well-lit layer.Laws et al., 2000VGPM-derived Carbon ExportSediment TrapsStokes LawQ: How long does it take for a particle tosink in the ocean?A: We need to know 3 things:1) density of the particle2) radius of the particle3) density of seawaterThen we use Stokes Law:V = 2 / 9 • g • r2 • (ρ’-ρ) /ρ•vVelocitygravityDensity•ViscosityradiusParticle density - waterApplications of Stoke’s LawV = 2 / 9 • g • r2 • (ρ’-ρ) /ρ•vV = 2.62 • 104 • r2Simplification forspherical particleswith densities nearthat of rockr = 3 to 40 micronsr = 3 to 40 x10-4 cmV = 2.62 • 104 • (3 to 40 x10 -4 )2V = 0.002 - 0.419 cm/s11 to 2300 days to sink!Martin’s Equation (VERTEX)Biomassdecreasesessentiallyexponentiallywith depth….Thorium Fluxes (U238/Th234) Conservative properties follow linear mixinglaws Non-Conservative properties are non-linear inspace and time Some properties fall in-betweenConservative vs. Non-Conservative Temperature Gases Biology Nutrients Salinity Non-reactiveelements Apparent OxygenUtilizationOxygen Utilization RateO2Organic carboninorganic nutrientsTurk et al., 2001Nitrate Mass Balance Equals New (Export) ProductionReconciling Time-Space ScalesSource: http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/OCDST/nab.htmlFRRFPvsEIncubationsSediment TrapsMass BalanceSteady State?Large Cells = High BiomassFrom Chisholm, 1992Figure 3, 8 Wilkerson et al. 2000, DSR 47:1003-1022Adding it all up…. There are limiting elements to both the rate ofgrowth and biomass of phytoplankton On average, biomass is in Redfield-proportionsfor C:N:P:O (:Si) Large cells are capable of faster uptake due tointernal pools and surge kinetics Only cells growing near µmax are Redfield Export production mass decreaseslogarithmically with depth Therefore, diatoms are extremely


View Full Document

UCSC OS 130 - Biological and Solubility Pumps

Download Biological and Solubility Pumps
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Biological and Solubility Pumps and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Biological and Solubility Pumps 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?