THAR 281 1st Edi-tionExam # 2 Study Guide Lectures: 6-14Lecture 6 (February 14)RestorationBefore the Restoration period, there wasn’t a king/queen•Parliament ran itCharles II•Comes back from exile•One of the first things he does: reinstates theatre•Because the puritans banned it•Then, he brought women onto the stage•This was also a period of extreme immoralityLecture 7 (February 17) Theatre of the Restoration•Proscenium Stage: All stages recently moved indoors, which gives the ability for lighting/set design•Scenic design/Lighting: Shakespeare/Greek theatre had none, most per-formances before used the sun only (example of Restoration theatre: The Rivals, look at the set design)•Aphra Behn: 1st professional woman playwright and “Female Wit” (Fe-male Wit - the paper made fun of female playwrights)•Restoration Audience: “to see and to be seen”, lighting exists in the au-dience too, so it was also about seeing who’s with who, men only took their mistresses to the theatreGovernment•Charles II issued patents to Davenant and Killegrew in 1660 (meaning only they could show theatre)•Licensing Act of 1737•(okay now everyone can do it again)•“Lord Chamberlain” instead of “master of revels”, gives licenses for theatre•Covent Garden and Drury Lane - licensed theatresLecture 8 (February 19)Restoration TheatreInteriors were a mixture of Italian and Elizabethan•Proscenium doors with balconies•Deep forestage (“apron”), entire stage “raked”Scenery•Painted perspective backdrop•Technology for changing scenery•“wing & shutter”•“Groove system”Lighting was only with candlelight and sunlightLecture 9 (February 21)•The type of stage preferred during the Restoration was the Proscenium.•The characters in a comedy of manners were mainly from the upper class. The audience members were mainly from the upper class.•In Restoration theatres, what is the phrase “to see and to be seen” refer-ring to? The audience•English female playwrights of the 1960s were known informally as the “ Female Wits ” .•There were a number of significant female playwrights during the Restoration Era. TRUE.•During the Restoration era, the theatrical entrepreneur emerged. TRUE.•Which part of the Restoration stage was a major performance area? The apron•What was used for lighting in Restoration theatres? sunlight and candles•How did King Charles II regulate theatre? He gave patents•Restoration performances utilized historically accurate costume designs.FALSELecture 10 (February 24)“Drame”•Denis Diderot, French dramatist, 1713-1784, idea of the “4th wall”•Any serious play that didn’t fit into that category•Domestic tragedy, middle class (Borgeois) tragedyStorm and Stress•“Sturm und Drang”, playwrights, young•Late 18th Century Germany•Rejected dramatic rules (neoclassicism)•Plays were radical in subject manner and style•Forerunner of 19th Century Romanticism, “broke the ice” for itTheatre Architecture•Theatres become much bigger for growing middle class•No more seating onstage (Diderot’s 4th Wall)Lecture 11 (February 26)David Garrick•Actor-manager, very popular•Known for his more natural style of acting•Required his actors to mimic what they were portraying to be more realis-tic•full-length acting rehearsalsJohann Wolfgang von Goethe•Had extensive rehearsals•Main concern was with how the audience saw the actors - had very strict rules on how the actors behaved outside the theatre (No drunkenness)•Responsible for dimming the lights•Audience had two responsibilities: clapping/not clappingLecture 12 (February 28)Romanticism•Rejected neoclassical (basically, all) rules: “Genius creates his own rules.”•Revered Shakespeare, focused on mood, atmosphereMelodrama•Music or song drama•Heroes & villains strongly delineated•Suspenseful plot, nostalgia (“Aw, just like back at home”)•Pure escapism - people had hard-working jobs and wanted to come to the theatre to escape it all, characters were very 2-D & easy to know if they’re good or badWell-Made Play Structure (movement, not category like Romanticism/Melo-drama)•Use of exposition and foreshadowing•Secrets known to the audience•“Obligatory Scene” or showdown (the scene that the audience knows is going to happen)•No loose ends, not left hangingRichard Wagner (1813 - 1883)•gesamtkunstwerk: “total theatre”, his obsession, opera was the highest form•regisseur - more of a direct control of theatre (“control freak”)Georg II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1826 - 1914)•famous for historically accurate costumes & props•wanted every tiny detail accurate, would rehearse full plays in full cos-tume every time•very good with crowd scenes•toured extensively, didn’t believe in having stars (rotated lead roles)Lecture 13 (March 3)19th Century Developments•revolving stages•raked audience AND stage•elevator stage•gas table (pg. 158)•box set•incandescent lightbulbs•individual seating•The French dramatic form “Drame" was a serious play that did not fit theneoclassical definition of tragedy•Oliver Goldsmith, who wrote She Stoops to Conquer, opposed sentimen-tal comedies by writing laughing comedies.•Sentimental comedies are comedies of manners with morals.•The “Sturm und Drang” (Storm and Stress) movement was the forerun-ner of Romanticism.•Governments of the 18th Century have not yet began to relinquish con-trol and deregulate theatre.•To accommodate the new middle-class audience, theatres became larger during the 18th Century.•Goethe was known as a “regisseur” who:•required traditional acting styles for his actors•rehearsed for long hours•had the actors face the audience, not each other•Goethe established rules for the actors and the audience.•The Bibiena family is noted for their work with multipoint perspective as designers.•Charles Macklin and David Garrick both rebelled against the bombastic styles of acting.Lecture 14 (March 5)•The dramatic form that parodied a serious play: burlesque•The dramatic form that emphasizes suspense and nostalgia: melodrama•The dramatic form that involves a showdown or “obligatory scene”: Well-Made Play•The dramatic form that emphasizes mechanical cause-and-effect: Well-Made Play•The dramatic form that required white actors to wear black makeup on their faces: the Minstrel Show•The dramatic form that has