UGC 112 1st Edition Lecture 12 Outline of Current Lecture II. Roots of the ‘Industrial Revolution’A. The Declaration of the Rights of Man III. The French RevolutionIV. Europe’s Reordering a. The Great Divideb. Wealth in 1500V. Changed Living ConditionsVI. Murphy’s Law in AfricaCurrent LectureSlavery, Industry, and CommerceRoots of the ‘Industrial Revolution’Wage slaves: equivalent to waitresses and people who get low base pay1. Global inequality and colonialism: (1000 and 1500) Contrast with year 1900 when us becomes worlds greatest power. C started with the Spanish and the Portuguese… it accelerated with the Dutch east India companies. 2. Wealth and natural resources: What natural resources did the states have? Spain had gold, silver. England had nothing until it learned how to mine coal3. Impact of environment: Natural environment and Strategic environment: you have good neighbors which makes things easier. If not you need to spend more money on defensePossible essay question for next test: topic involving the industrial revolutionsScience and engineering is the reason why stem timelines are so important. 4. Current relevance:Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kapoor, ArmeniaThis revolution was the third of its nature of Western revolutions:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The first was in England, 1688-1689 (constitutional Monarchy). Third: 1789 French RevolutionPicture of Napoleon: He is very short; he also puts hand in his shirt in this picture“Cide”—Latin for killing.- Regicide fear“Rex Regis”—killing a king. French revolution important part was execution of a monarch, great grandsonof Louis XIVKill using guillotine: 14 feet high, sharp blade on top, humane and quick Popular mob assassination was another common way of killingConcept of POPULAR SOVEREIGNTYThe Declaration of the Rights of Man*really important*: 1789, fundamental document of the French Revolution.The Declaration on the Rights of Women is also important.- National Unity- Popular Mobilization:o Internal squabbling put aside and there was significant mobilization. Young men go out to fight, people preparing food- Mass armies: Napoleon was an artillery officer from the island of Corsica (they are looked down on by French society) he was a military genius. He was daring July 14, 1789: Bastille Day—equivalent to July 4th. In Paris, there is a big celebration.A stirring National Anthem The French RevolutionThe Russian Disaster:Comparison between Napoleon and Hitler (1812 vs. 1942): Geography doesn’t change, technology does. Map observations (1800)Russia is very large on the map evidently; it is the biggest country in the world, easy to get swallowed up in it.France would not be powerful because if you look to its northeast, it has a bunch of small states that might not be able to keep themselves safe!Ottoman empire still plays a big role in Europe. Bosnia.Greece wasn’t until 1836Napoleon tried to grab Moscow in one big attack, the army lived off the land. Winter came and they had no supplies, the Russians had burned everythingThe gray arrow is going towards the East. The line is getting thinner, which represents less troops and means people were dying. Top right and corner: the Russians largely destroy MoscowBlack line: going west. It is getting thinner all the time. The French Army is defeated, limping back and walking through hostile territory as they suffer more and more casualties (1869)Europe’s Reordering1750 or so in Great Britain, Industrial Revolution- The ‘Great Divide’ is seen as two different steps: Divide number One: grab from old world, transfer to new world. Gold silver wood furs, colonizing power that would take the gold and silver=SpainSpain built castles and fought wars, engaged in wars involving religious persecution (just as the protestants did)- Why did Britain lead?They released two things. They rediscovered a new source of energy. Wood and charcoal were not usable anymore. William Smith: geographerWealth in 1500Mexico and Peru were wealthy. Not much wealth in South Africa at the time however.Wealth 1900 (Map)US has gotten largerEngland looks very wealthy.Japan was on its industrial takeoff. South Africa was on its way to becoming industrial powerhouse it is todayChanged Living Conditions:Germany had been rural; forests surrounded homes until the population grew. Traveling from one place to another was often dangerous. Your life was ordered by two things: season (planting, harvesting, ) life also depended on how long the day was (candles were expensive).Cows were kept in the barn down below in order to keep you warm (heat travels upward)- Factory whistles: early in the morning. Then eventually you can come back home Child labor is another form of slavery.- Horrendous Health Conditions: Tuberculosis was easy to getWorking in the mine with barely any clothing. Bone-chilling cold when you come outside, easy to catch pneumonia.- New Mental Outlook: Life isn’t something you can regulate in accordance with nature. You have no chance for employment outside coalmine or factory.o Largest coal producing state in the US is Wyoming. - Start of labor organization, type of slave labor. 1832 reform acts in England was a very important step.Women pictured spinning, weaving, working looms in the factories with lots of light and ventilation. Factories were very rarely like this. Boston is a great city to visit for American history. *Lowell—textile mills that were part of the American Industrial Revolution. Industrial Revolution that has occurred in Bangladesh and now in Vietnam is from TEXTILES. One of the easiest, safest ways to get women employed (and avoid needing to be married at an early age)Murphy’s Law in AfricaWhen Britain moved to abolish the slave trade,British navy is going to intersect navy slips and send the Africans back home. Was crazy from viewpoint of countries making money off slave trade. British started to set up naval stations.- ‘Legitimate’ commerceo Lets have people harvest palm oilo Wild rubber (tapping rubber trees)o Mahogany (great for ships and furniture)- In reality all of this was a type of SLAVERY. Coercion was used. Slavery within Africa- Charter companies: - Intensification of slavery, paradoxically especially in east Africa. - Convention on international trade and endangered species: