1Introduction to LANIntroduction to LANTDC 363TDC 363Week 2Week 2Networking HardwareNetworking Hardware01/10/081TDC363-02Networking HardwareNetworking HardwareBook: Chapter 5Book: Chapter 5Topologies and Access MethodsTopologies and Access MethodsBook: Chapter 6Book: Chapter 6Outline (Chap 5)Outline (Chap 5) Network EquipmentNetwork Equipment NICNIC Repeater and HubRepeater and Hub01/10/082TDC363-02 Bridge and Ethernet SwitchBridge and Ethernet Switch Router Router Network AdaptersNetwork Adapters Also called network interface cards (NICs)Also called network interface cards (NICs) Connectivity devices enabling a workstation, Connectivity devices enabling a workstation, server, printer, or other node to receive and server, printer, or other node to receive and 01/10/083TDC363-02transmit data over the network mediatransmit data over the network media Layer 2 deviceLayer 2 device Why is NIC a LayerWhy is NIC a Layer--2 device?2 device?2Types of Network AdaptersTypes of Network Adapters Old DaysOld Days Industry Standard Architecture Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)(ISA) MicroChannel Architecture (MCA)MicroChannel Architecture (MCA) Extended Industry Standard Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA)Architecture (EISA)Pih lC tIt tPih lC tIt t01/10/084TDC363-02Peripheral Component Interconnect Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)(PCI) PCI ExpressPCI Express Personal Computer Memory Card Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA)International Association (PCMCIA) Universal Serial Bus (USB)Universal Serial Bus (USB) Compact Flash (CF) CardCompact Flash (CF) Card NIC on MotherboardNIC on MotherboardInstalling and Configuring Network Installing and Configuring Network Adapter HardwareAdapter Hardware(a Historical Perspective)(a Historical Perspective) JumperJumper Small, removable piece of plastic that contains a metal Small, removable piece of plastic that contains a metal receptaclereceptacle01/10/085TDC363-02NIC Configuration Information01/10/086TDC363-02Ref. p. 2403Hubs and RepeatersHubs and Repeaters LayerLayer--1 device1 device Repeater: 2Repeater: 2--port hubport hub Hub: mutiHub: muti--port repeaterport repeater Connectivity device that regenerates digital signalConnectivity device that regenerates digital signal Eliminate Noise (Attenuation) Eliminate Noise (Attenuation)  Signal received on one port is broadcast to all other portsSignal received on one port is broadcast to all other ports01/10/087TDC363-02Network of HubsNetwork of Hubs01/10/088TDC363-02BridgesBridges Like a repeater, a bridge has a single Like a repeater, a bridge has a single input and single output portinput and single output port Unlike a repeater, it can interpret the Unlike a repeater, it can interpret the 01/10/089TDC363-02data it retransmitsdata it retransmits LayerLayer--2 device2 device4Ethernet SwitchesEthernet Switchesswitch ::= multiswitch ::= multi--port bridgeport bridge Divide a network into smaller logical pieces Divide a network into smaller logical pieces (multiple collision domains)(multiple collision domains)desktop ormodular01/10/0810TDC363-02desktop orstackableCutCut--Through Mode andThrough Mode andStore and Forward ModeStore and Forward Mode CutCut--through modethrough mode Switching mode in which switch reads a frame’s Switching mode in which switch reads a frame’s header and decides where to forward the data header and decides where to forward the data before it receives the entire packetbefore it receives the entire packet01/10/0811TDC363-02 CutCut--through switches can detect through switches can detect runtsrunts, or packet , or packet fragmentsfragments Store and forward modeStore and forward mode Switching mode in which switch reads the entire Switching mode in which switch reads the entire data frame into its memory and checks it for data frame into its memory and checks it for accuracy before transmitting the informationaccuracy before transmitting the informationDelay in StoreDelay in Store--andand--ForwardForward Max Frame Size 1500 bytes (12,000 bit)Max Frame Size 1500 bytes (12,000 bit) 10BaseT Network (10M bps)10BaseT Network (10M bps) 12,000 12,000 ÷÷ 10M = 1,200 10M = 1,200 µµss100B TX N k (100M b )100B TX N k (100M b )01/10/0812TDC363-02100BaseTX Network (100M bps)100BaseTX Network (100M bps) 12,000 12,000 ÷÷ 100M = 120 100M = 120 µµss Gigabit Ethernet (1G bps)Gigabit Ethernet (1G bps) 12,000 12,000 ÷÷ 10M = 12 10M = 12 µµss5RoutersRouters Multiport connectivity deviceMultiport connectivity device Can integrate LANs and WANs running at Can integrate LANs and WANs running at different transmission speeds and using a variety different transmission speeds and using a variety of protocolsof protocols01/10/0813TDC363-02of protocolsof protocols Routers operate at the Network layer (Layer 3) Routers operate at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI Modelof the OSI ModelRoutersRouters Modular routerModular router Router with Router with multiple slots multiple slots that can hold that can hold differentdifferent01/10/0814TDC363-02different different interface cards interface cards or other or other devicesdevicesRouter Features and FunctionsRouter Features and Functions Filter out broadcast transmission to alleviate network Filter out broadcast transmission to alleviate network congestioncongestion Prevent certain types of traffic from getting to a networkPrevent certain types of traffic from getting to a network Support simultaneous local and remote activitySupport simultaneous local and remote activity01/10/0815TDC363-02 Provide high network fault tolerance through redundant Provide high network fault tolerance through redundant componentscomponents Monitor network traffic and report statistics to a MIBMonitor network traffic and report statistics to a MIB Diagnose internal or other connectivity problems and Diagnose internal or other connectivity problems and trigger alarmstrigger alarms6Router Features and FunctionsRouter Features and Functions Static routingStatic routing Technique in which a network administrator programs a Technique in which a network administrator programs a router to use a