NL Semantics Meaning RepresentationsWhy Meaning?Representing the Meaning of SentencesMore Examples - PriceMore Examples – Eating RestaurantsMore Examples – Mary and SueMore Examples – PossessivesMore Examples - AdjectivesMore Examples – Vague and Relative WordsMore Examples – Relating ObjectsMore Examples – EventsMore Examples – Quantifiers and LogicSentences that Aren’t DeclarativeRepresenting BeliefNL SemanticsMeaning RepresentationsRead J & M Chapter 14.Why Meaning?Meaning is a function of the application:•Front end to an application system:•Find me a cheap Italian restaurant.•What’s the weather in Austin.•Drive to Houston.•Text retrieval: Suppose we want fad gifts to match:•pet rock•cabbage patch dolls•latest trends for Christmas•MTRepresenting the Meaning of SentencesJohn saw Bill.John has a cat.John saw Bill (another try)John has a cold.John served Bill.John served the team.John served steak.Kirby Lane serves vegetarian food.Mother’s is a vegetarian restaurant.More Examples - PriceMother’s costs less than $10.Mother’s is cheap.Mother’s is on Duval.Mother’s is on the Chronicle’s list.More Examples – Eating Restaurants1. I want to eat Italian food.2. I want to eat someplace that serves Italian food.More Examples – Mary and Sue1. Mary is Sue’s sister.2. Sue is Mary’s sister.More Examples – PossessivesMary is Sue’s sister.Mary read Sue’s book.Mary washed her hands.Maryland’s capital is Annapolis.More Examples - Adjectivescheap restaurantmodest mansionformer friendfake gunWe can try to figure out the correct semantic relationship or we can introduce a vague relation and work it out later.More Examples – Vague and Relative Words1. Agnes is a big cat.2. Agnes is a big tiger.3. Agnes is big.4. Mary is stunning.5. Susan is old-fashioned.More Examples – Relating Objectsleather jacketriding jacketwinter jacketletter jacketMore Examples – Events1. I ate lunch.2. I ate a turkey sandwich.3. I ate in my office.4. I eat lunch every day.5. I eat lunch at noon.More Examples – Quantifiers and LogicEveryone ate a cookie.The team built a house.Sentences that Aren’t Declarative1. Does John have a cat?2. Close the window.3. Can you close the window?4. Do you sell pretzels?5. I need to know whether you sell pretzels.Language as action. The theory of speech acts.But what about other applications like MT?Representing Belief1. Borders is open until midnight.2. Mary believes that Borders is open until midnight.3. Borders is the biggest bookstore in town.Conclude, from 1 and 3, that The biggest bookstore in town is open until midnight.Can we conclude that Mary believes that the biggest bookstore in town is open until
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