Chapter 24, part 1Learning ObjectivesSlide 3SECTION 24-1 The Digestive SystemThe Digestive system includes:Figure 24.1 The Components of the Digestive SystemFunctions of the digestive systemThe digestive system organs and the peritoneumFigure 24.2 MesenteriesSlide 10Slide 11Slide 12Histological organization of the digestive tractSlide 14Figure 24.3 The Structure of the Digestive TractMovement of digestive materialsFigure 24.4 PeristalsisControl of the digestive systemFigure 24.5 The Regulation of Digestive ActivitiesCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologySIXTH EDITIONFrederic H. MartiniPowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, HawaiiChapter 24, part 1The Digestive SystemCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsLearning Objectives•Identify the organs of the digestive system and their major functions•Outline the mechanisms that regulate digestion•Describe the anatomy of the organs and accessory organs of the digestive system•Discuss the functions of the major structures and regions of the digestive system and discuss the regulation of their activitiesCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsLearning Objectives•Explain the significance of the large intestine in the absorption of nutrients•Describe the events involved in the digestion of organic and inorganic nutrients•Summarize the effects of the aging process on the digestive systemCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsSECTION 24-1 The Digestive SystemCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings•The muscular digestive tract•Various accessory organsThe Digestive system includes:Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 24.1Figure 24.1 The Components of the Digestive SystemCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Ingestion•Mechanical processing•Digestion•Secretion•Absorption•ExcretionFunctions of the digestive systemCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Mesenteries •Sheets of serous membranes that support portions of the digestive tract•Greater omentum lies anterior to abdominal viscera•Provides padding, protection, insulation, and energy reserves•Lesser omentumThe digestive system organs and the peritoneumCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 24.2 MesenteriesFigure 24.2aCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 24.2 MesenteriesFigure 24.2bCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 24.2 MesenteriesFigure 24.2cCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 24.2 MesenteriesFigure 24.2dCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Mucosa lines digestive tract (mucous epithelium)•Moistened by glandular secretions•Lamina propria and epithelium form mucosa•Submucosa •Layer of dense irregular connective tissueHistological organization of the digestive tractCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Muscularis externa •Smooth muscle arranged in circular and longitudinal layers•adventitia•Serosa •Serous membrane covering most of the muscularis externaHistological organization of the digestive tractCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 24.3 The Structure of the Digestive TractFigure 24.3Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Visceral smooth muscle shows rhythmic cycles of activity•Pacemaker cells•Peristalsis •Waves that move a bolus•Segmentation •Churn and fragment a bolusMovement of digestive materialsCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 24.4 PeristalsisFigure 24.4Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings•Movement of materials along the digestive tract is controlled by:•Neural mechanisms •Parasympathetic and local reflexes•Hormonal mechanisms •Enhance or inhibit smooth muscle contraction•Local mechanisms •Coordinate response to changes in pH or chemical stimuliControl of the digestive systemCopyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin CummingsFigure 24.5 The Regulation of Digestive ActivitiesFigure