CS 414 – Multimedia Systems Design Lecture 14 – Quality of Service Concepts(Part 2)Administrative Multimedia System/NetworkRelation between QoS and Resources (Phase 1)Phase 1: Establishment Phase (QoS Operations) Phase 1: Connection EstablishmentQoS Operations within Establishment PhaseExampleLayered Translation (Example)QoS NegotiationDifferent Types of Negotiation ProtocolsBilateral QoS NegotiationTriangular QoS NegotiationTriangular Negotiation with Bounded ValueTriangular Negotiation Protocol (Pseudo-Code Example)Multimedia Resource ManagementPhase 1: Resource Preparation OperationsPhase 1: Connection EstablishmentAdmission TestsResource Reservation and Allocation Resource Reservation Relation between QoS and Resources (Phase 2)Phase 2: Media Processing and TransmissionPhase 2: Enforcement Operations QoS Management during Transmission PhaseQoS Management during Transmission PhaseQoS/Resource AdaptationResource De-allocation – Tear-Down Phase Conclusion – Current State of ArtCS 414 - Spring 2011CS 414 – Multimedia Systems DesignLecture 14 –Quality of Service Concepts(Part 2)Klara NahrstedtSpring 2011CS 414 - Spring 2011Administrative HW1 posted today, February 21 HW1 deadline, March 2Multimedia System/NetworkCS 414 - Spring 2011NetworkMMApplicationOS/DS/NetworkMMApplicationOS/DS/NetworkSender ReceiverRelation between QoS and Resources (Phase 1)CS 414 - Spring 2011Translation, NegotiationAdmission, ReservationPhase 1: Establishment Phase (QoS Operations) CS 414 - Spring 2011 QoS Translation at different Layers User-Application Application-OS/Transport Subsystem QoS Negotiation Negotiation of QoS parameters among two peers/componentsPhase 1: Connection EstablishmentCS 414 - Spring 2011NetworkMMApplicationOS/DS/NetworkMMApplicationOS/DS/NetworkSender ReceiverTranslationLogical Negotiation of Network QoS ParametersPhysical Transmission of Negotiation ParametersLogical Negotiation of Application QoS ParametersQoS Operations within Establishment PhaseCS 414 - Spring 2011User/ApplicationQoS TranslationOverlay P2P QoS NegotiationApplication/TransportQoS TranslationQoS Negotiation in Transport SubsystemExample Video Stream Quality: Frame size: 320x240 pixels, 24 bits (3 Bytes per pixel) Application frame rate RA: 20 fps Translate to Network QoS if Assume network packet size is 4KBytes Network packet rate (RN):= ┌320x240x3┐bytes / 4096 bytesCS 414 - Spring 2011Layered Translation (Example)CS 414 - Spring 2011QoS NegotiationCS 414 - Spring 2011Different Types of Negotiation Protocols Bilateral Peer-to-Peer Negotiation Negotiation of QoS parameters between equal peers in the same layer Triangular Negotiation Negotiation of QoS parameters between layers Triangular Negotiation with Bounded ValueCS 414 - Spring 2011Bilateral QoS NegotiationCS 414 - Spring 2011Triangular QoS NegotiationCS 414 - Spring 2011Triangular Negotiation with Bounded ValueCS 414 - Spring 2011Triangular Negotiation Protocol (Pseudo-Code Example)CS 414 - Spring 2011Caller CalleeNetwork-Service Provider Pseudo-CodeCaller Pseudo-CodeCallee Pseudo-CodeMultimedia Resource Management Resource managers with operations and resource management protocols Various operations must be performed by resource managers in order to provide QoS Phase 1: Establishment Phase (resource operations) Operations are executed where schedulable units utilizing shared resources must be admitted, reserved and allocated according to QoS requirements Phase 2: Enforcement Phase Operations are executed where reservations and allocations must be enforced, and adapted if needed CS 414 - Spring 2011Phase 1: Resource Preparation Operations QoS to Resource Mapping Need translation or profiling (e.g., how much processing CPU cycles, i.e., processing time, it takes to process 320x240 pixel video frame) Resource Admission Need admission tests to check availability of shared resources Resource Reservation Need reservation mechanisms along the end-to-end path to keep information about reservations Resource Allocation CS 414 - Spring 2011Phase 1: Connection EstablishmentCS 414 - Spring 2011NetworkMMApplicationOS/DS/NetworkMMApplicationOS/DS/NetworkSender ReceiverTranslationLogical Negotiation of NetQoS ParametersPhysical Transmission of Negotiation ParametersNetwork Resource Reservation ProtocolNetwork ResourceAdmission and Resource ReservationSystemResource Admission andReservationLogical Negotiation of AppQoS ParametersAdmission Tests Task (System) schedulability tests for CPU resources This is done for delay guarantees Network Packet schedulability tests for sharing host network interfaces, network switches This is done for network delay and jitter guarantees Spatial tests for memory/buffer allocation This is done for delay and reliability guarantees Network Link bandwidth tests This is done for network throughput guaranteesCS 414 - Spring 2011Resource Reservation and Allocation Two types of reservations Pessimistic approach - Worst case reservation of resources Optimistic approach - Average case reservation of resources To implement resource reservation we need: Resource table to capture information about managed table (e.g., process management PID table) Reservation table to capture reservation information Reservation function to map QoS to resources and operate over reservation tableCS 414 - Spring 2011Resource Reservation Two types of reservation styles: Sender-initiated reservation Receiver-initiated reservationCS 414 - Spring 2011Relation between QoS and Resources (Phase 2)CS 414 - Spring 2011Translation, NegotiationAdmission,ReservationScheduling,Rate Control, Error ControlFlow ControlQoS ManagementCompressionPhase 2: Media Processing and TransmissionCS 414 - Spring 2011NetworkMMApplicationOS/DS/NetworkMMApplicationOS/DS/NetworkSender ReceiverPhysical Transmission of Media Network ResourceSchedulingSystemResource •Scheduling•Rate Control•Flow ControlErrorControlPhase 2: Enforcement Operations Resource scheduling Example: rate-monotonic scheduling Rate control – traffic shaping Example: leaky bucket End-to-end error control Example: forward error correction Flow control Open loop flow control (no feedback) Close look flow control (with feedback channel)CS 414 - Spring 2011QoS Management during Transmission Phase Resource and
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