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UCF PHY 2054C - The Reflection of Light-Part I

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[ THE REFLECTION OF LIGHT:MIRRORS PART I]1 | P a g eSTUDIO Unit 17PHY 2054 College Physics IIDrs. Dubey & BindellAim: To understand how we see reflected objects.1. Describe why you cannot see the object when the lights are off.2. Why you cannot see the object when something is blocking it even though the lights are on? 3. Consider how you might represent light coming from a light bulb (turned on) and a flashlightpictured below. Sketch how you would represent the light coming from the bulb and the flashlightin the diagram below. Describe what aspects of the light your diagram is attempting to represent.4. Could you consider light coming from a light bulb (not turned on) and a tennis ball? If so, sketch how you would represent the light coming from the bulb and the tennis ball pictured below. Describe what aspects of the light your diagram is attempting to represent.2 | P a g eTo discuss reflection, it is necessary to understand the concept of a wave front and a ray of light.Both sound and light are kinds of waves. Sound is a pressure wave while light is electromagneticwave. The ideas of a wave front and a ray apply to both. The following figure is a hemisphericalview of a sound wave emitted by a pulsating sphere. The rays are perpendicular to the wavefronts.Following figure shows curved wavefronts.3 | P a g eThese surfaces of constant phase are calledwave fronts. The figure shows hemisphericalview of the wave fronts. If the wave fronts aredrawn through the crests, as they are in thepicture, the distance between adjacent wavefronts equal the wavelength λ. The radial linespointing outward from the source andperpendicular to the wave fronts are calledrays. The rays point in the direction of thevelocity of the wave.For the following figure,(a) draw the wave fronts.(b) What is the shape of the wave front (curved or plane)?The concepts of wave fronts and rays can be used to describe light waves. For light waves, theray concept is particularly convenient when showing the path taken by the light. We will makefrequent use of light rays, which can be regarded essentially as narrow beams of light much likethose that lasers produce.4 | P a g eLaw of ReflectionMost objects reflect a certain portion of the light falling on them. The goal of the following experiment is to study the law of reflection. EQUIPMENT NEEDED:Optics Bench, Light Source, Ray Table and Base, Component Holder, Slit Plate, Slit Mask, Ray Optics Mirror.IntroductionThe shape and location of the image created by reflection from a mirror of any shape is determined by justa few simple principles. One of these principles you already know: light propagates in a straight line. In this experiment, you will observe the reflection of a single ray of light from a plane mirror. Theprinciples you discover will be applied, in later experiments, to more complicated examples of reflection.ProcedureSet up the equipment as shown in Figure 2.1. Adjust the components so a single ray of light is alignedwith the bold arrow labeled “Normal” on the Ray Table Degree Scale. Carefully align the flat reflectingsurface of the mirror with the bold line labeled “Component” on the Ray Table. With the mirror properlyaligned, the bold arrow on the Ray Table is normal (at right angles) to the plane of the reflecting surface.Rotate the Ray Table and observe the light ray. The angles of incidence and reflection are measured withrespect to the normal to the reflecting surface, as shown in Figure 2.2. 5 | P a g eFigure 2.2 Incident and Reflected RaysBy rotating the Ray Table, set the angle of incidence to each of the settings shown in Table 2.1. For each angle of incidence, record the angle of reflection (Reflection1). Table 2.1Angle of:Incidence θiAngle of:Reflection1θr0°10°20°30°40°50°60°70°80°6 | P a g e90°Repeat your measurements with the incident ray coming from the opposite side of the normal. For each angle of incidence, record the angle of reflection (Reflection 2) in the table 2.2.Table 2.2Angle of:Incidence θiAngle of:Reflection2θr0°10°20°30°40°50°60°70°80°90°1. Are the results for the two trials the same? If not, to what do you attribute the differences?2. Part of the law of reflection states that the incident ray, the normal and the reflected ray all lie in the same plane. Discuss how this is shown in your experiment.3. What relationship holds between the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection?7 | P a g e4. The Law of Reflection has two parts. State both parts.5. The drawing shows top view of an object located to the right of a mirror. A single ray of light is shown leaving the object. After reflection from the mirror, through which location, A, B, C, or D, does the ray pass?6. For the following two surfaces, draw the reflected rays.(a) In figure (a), are the reflected rays parallel to each other? 8 | P a g e(b) In figure (b) are the reflected rays parallel to each other? When parallel light rays strike a smooth, plane surface, the reflected rays are parallel to each other. This type of reflection is known as specular reflection. An irrefular surface reflects the light rays in various directions. This type of reflection is known as diffuse reflecton.Image Formation in a Plane MirrorEQUIPMENT NEEDED:Optics Bench Light SourceRay Table and BaseComponent HolderSlit Plate -Ray Optics MirrorIntroductionThe nature of the image you see in a mirror is understandable in terms of the principles you have alreadylearned: the Law of Reflection and the straight-line propagation of light.In this experiment you will investigate how the apparent location of an image reflected from a planemirror relates to the location of the object, and how this relationship is a direct result of the basicprinciples you have already studied.ProcedureSet up the equipment as shown in Figure 3.1. Adjust the Slit Plate and Light Source positions for sharp, easily visible rays.As shown, place a blank, white sheet of paper on top of the Ray Table, and place the Ray Optics Mirror ontop of the paper. Position the mirror so that all of the light rays are reflected from its flat surface. Draw a line on the paper to mark the position of the flat surface of the mirror.Look into the mirror along the line of the reflected rays so that you can see the image of the Slit Plate and, through the slits, the filament of the Light Source. (Rotate the mirror as


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