US and World PoliticsOverviewWorld PoliticsSlide 4Slide 5Slide 6Slide 7Slide 8Slide 9Slide 10Slide 11Slide 12US Foreign PolicySlide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Defense Spending & the BudgetGlobal Military SpendingSlide 21Military SpendingSlide 23Global PovertySlide 25Conclusions1919 flu pandemicUS and World Politics“It’s the end of the world as we know it...”Overview•The International Political System•Aims of US Foreign Policy•Evolution of US Foreign PolicyWorld Politics•Recap domestic politics–Why is government necessary?–What role does government play?•International environment is anarchic–No government–Implications?World Politics•Global Political System is a “self help” system•Participants–States–Non-State Actors•IGOs•NGOsWorld Politics•States:–Basic unit of world politics since 1648 (Treaty of Westphalia)–Features:•Defined Geography•Population•Sovereign GovernmentWorld Politics•States (continued)–Note that the first and third points (geography and sovereign government) mean that the idea of “statehood” rests in part on the agreement of other states.–States “recognize” other states by respecting the borders and the sovereignty of other states–Wars and violence result when that recognition breaks down (e.g., Iraq/Kuwait in 1990; Serbia/Croatia 1993)World Politics•States (continued)–Distinct from “nations” by which we mean:•a people with a shared language•inhabiting a fixed territory•sharing common customs that take on sense of shared identity/commonality•recognition of common unityWorld Politics•Keeping the two ideas distinct means that we can have:–states with a single nation (e.g., Italy)–states with multiple nations (UK, Russia)–nations with multiple states (Arabs, Koreans)–nations with no state (Kurds)World Politics•Non-state actors in world politics include:–International Government Organizations•e.g, UN, NATO, EU, ASEAN, OAS, OAU–These organizations are comprised of a variety of states–But they lack sovereigntyWorld Politics•United Nations:–General Assembly (each state equal)•Security Council•15 states, each with one vote, but 5 permanent members (US, UK, France, China, Russia) have “veto power”–Secretariat–International Court of JusticeWorld Politics•NGOs (Non Government Organizations)–Organizations that have a political impact or focus but which are unconnected to any government•e.g., Red Cross, Doctors Without Borders, Amnesty International, Greenpeacebut also•Al Qaeda, Hezbollah, ETA, FARC, Sendero LuminosoUS and World Politics•Aims of US Foreign Policy:–National Security–Territorial Integrity–Political Ideology•How do we achieve them?US Foreign Policy•2 main themes have driven US policy:Isolationism–avoid “entangling alliances” and stay out of European and world politicsUS Foreign Policy•Idealism–Promote democracy, freedom, and liberty abroad–Monroe Doctrine: protect western hemisphere from European encroachments–Truman Doctrine: protect all “free” nations from communist expansion–Bush Doctrine: use preemptive force to protect all free nations from terrorist threatsUS Foreign Policy•Impact of these two strands has led the US to get involved in wars beyond national security or strategic interests•Use warfare to promote ideals–Democracy, freedom, capitalism•Expansion of USUS Foreign Policy•Factors/Players shaping foreign policy–President•State, DoD, Homeland Security, NSC, CIA–Congress–Corporations–Foreign Policy “elite”•think tanks, academicsUS Foreign Policy•Resources for navigating in anarchy:–Diplomacy•Negotiation to work out differences/disagreements–Economics•Rewards: tax breaks, trade concessions, grants, loans•Punishments: tariffs, quotas, embargoes–MilitaryUS Foreign Policy•Post WW2 the aim of US foreign policy was to contain communist expansion–Korean War–Vietnam War–Nuclear Arms Race with USSR (now Russia)–Regional Military Alliances •(e.g., NATO, OAS, SEATO, etc.)Defense Spending & the Budget•Defense related expenses receive the largest share of federal appropriations:–See Table 8.9 for detailsGlobal Military Spending•Latest figures (2005) show that total global spending on military is $1.118 trillion, or about $173 per capita•34% increase from 2004•US is responsible for 80% of that increaseGlobal Military Spending•US spent $420.7 billion in 2005 (not including the money appropriated for Iraq/Afghanistan) war•US military spending was almost two-fifths of the total; more than the combined spending of the next 14 nations.•US military spending was almost 7 times larger than the Chinese budget, the second largest spender.Military Spending•The US military budget was almost 29 times as large as the combined spending of the six “rogue” states (Cuba, Iran, Libya, North Korea, Sudan and Syria) who spent $14.65 billion. •These six potential “enemies,” plus Russia, and China together spent $139 billion, or just 30% of the U.S. military budget.Military Spending•Nuclear proliferation issues•Nukes and “rogue” states•Nukes and terrorist groupsGlobal Poverty•Currently 6.6 billion people in the world•Human population growth•Of that number, approximately 3 billion survive on less than $2.00/dayGlobal Poverty•Global economic data–GDP per capita–Divide between north and south•The GDP of the poorest 48 nations (i.e. a quarter of the world’s countries) is less than the wealth of the world’s 3 richest people (Bill Gates, Warren Buffett, Carlos Slim Helu) combined.Conclusions•US and the world–population growthand immigration–energy–health–AIDS1919 flu pandemic•1/4th of US population afflicted, 1/5th of global population•Estimated death from pandemic: