Homeric and Archaic Greek CommunitiesLast time …Herodotus, passage 1Greek festivalsFestival processions: PanathenaiaPanathenaiaOlympia, Sanctuary of Zeus: stadiumDelphi, Sanctuary of Apollo: temple of ApolloAgon: competitionGreek valuesRhapsodes and performanceDelphi, sanctuary of Apollo: theaterHomer, passage 2(Athens) Agora: now(Athens) agora: thenHomer and the oral traditionThucydides, passage 3Homeric cultureArchaic Age: 750-490ColonizationDistribution of coloniesThe polis: the autonomous city-state, ca. 700-323Archaic intellectualism: Greek philosophyGreek world view: according to Hecataeus, 6th century6th century spiritual movements6th century intellectual movementsArchaic ageThis weekHomeric and Archaic Greek CommunitiesProf. Michael ArnushFebruary 14, 2005Last time …What constitutes a community in the …family?household (oikos)?palace (megaron)?world of the elite (aristoi)?world of the people (demos)?world of the slaves (douloi)?world of the other (xenoi)?Herodotus, passage 1Blood and language: close-knit kinships, same alphabet, similar dialects, modes of communicationReligion: rituals, worship of the same gods, festivals, templesCustomsGreek festivalsParthenon, 432 BCEFestival processions: PanathenaiaParthenon, Panathenaic friezePanathenaiaOlympia, Sanctuary of Zeus: stadiumDelphi, Sanctuary of Apollo: temple of ApolloAgon: competitionPankrationGreek valuesarete: manliness, virtuetime: honorkleos: reputation, renownavoidance of aidos: shameRhapsodes and performanceDelphi, sanctuary of Apollo: theaterHomer, passage 2Agora:marketmeeting placecivic and religious spacecourt trials with elders as judgesheralds keeping orderdemos as spectatorsdancing place (orig. threshing floor, later orchestra?)fields, vineyards, pasturelandsbasileus as warrior rulerproto-polis(Athens) Agora: now(Athens) agora: thenHomer and the oral traditionLate Bronze Age: 2000-1200Trojan War: “1186”Dark Age: 1100-750Homeric world: ca. 800Homer: 750-725Thucydides, passage 3nostoirevolutions and factionalismmigrationsDorian invasioncolonizationHomeric culturereliance on the seasocial contractsfortified communitiespolitical relations: assemblies, royal councils, basileus and basileisArchaic Age: 750-490Land and topographyLimited arable landCrops: oil, wineContact with PhoeniciansAlphabetCodification of lawLand pressures, growing population, interest in exploration, historie, all led to …ColonizationAcquire arete, time, kleosKnowledge of other placesConsult Delphic oracleSend out nobles, landless poor, disenfranchised politicals, exiles, merchantsFounder: oikistes to found an oikosStake out land, temenosReliance on hoplites (hoplon)Maintain connection to mother-cityPlaces to colonize: southern Italy, Sicily, Black SeaDistribution of coloniesThe polis: the autonomous city-state, ca. 700-323Colonization contributed to the sense of isolation and autonomypolis = autonomous, self-governing, urban (astu) and rural (chora)usually fortified with a high point (akropolis)identified with the citizens (politai)ruled by the aristoi (hence, aristocracy)Archaic intellectualism: Greek philosophyworld of discovery, inquiry, challenge to authoritydevelopment in art, architecture, literature, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, governmentanalogy of ships at seaphilosophia: “love of wisdom,” or “devotion to uncommon knowledge”Greek world view: according to Hecataeus, 6th century6th century spiritual movementssocial, intellectual, spiritual stirringsdissatisfaction with Hesiod’s world view and the Homeric conception of mythcraving for life after death, curiosity about what happens to the soulOrphism, Dionysiac worship, mystery cults (Eleusis), Pythagoreanism6th century intellectual movementsIonian thinkers, originating in or near MiletusThales: water is everythingXenophanes: kosmos is everythingHeraklitos: change is everythingParmenides: being is everythingArchaic agean age of political developmentan age of intellectual curiosityan age of artistic achievementan age of kings giving way to aristocrats giving way to oligarchs giving way to tyrants and awaiting … democracyThis weekWednesday: Aeschylus Agamemnon (Prof. Erika Nesholm)Thursday, 5.30pm: A Very Liquid Heaven (Prof. Mary Crone Odekon)Friday: Sophocles Ajax (Prof.