1of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisVideo Streaming over Mobile Networks: Video Streaming over Mobile Networks: Issues, Challenges, and OpportunitiesIssues, Challenges, and OpportunitiesWashington University in Saint LouisSaint Louis, MO [email protected] at National Workshop on Wireless Communications and Mobile Networks (WCMN-2011), Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, March 26, 2011Audio/Video recordings of this talk are available at:http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htm2of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisOverviewOverview1. Video Streaming: Challenges2. Research Opportunities3. Our Research Projects4. Efficient solutions to WCMN in Saudi Arabia مﻼﺴﻟا3of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisWhat is Streaming?What is Streaming? Streaming: Showing video without receiving full file first Two Types of Streaming Videos: Pre-stored Video: Movies, TV VCR-like Interactive control Real-time video: Video conferencing, gaming Two types of Streaming Communication: One-to-One: Feedback control One-to-Many: Usually no feedbackRef: Ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media4of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisGrowth in Video StreamingGrowth in Video Streaming In 2008 13% of Internet traffic was video streaming. In 2009, 27% was video streaming [newteevee] In July 2009 81% of U.S. Internet users watched streaming videos. In Oct 2009, this number increased to 84.4% [ComScore] In July 2009, U.S. Internet users spent on average 8.3 hours/month watching streaming video. This increased to 10.8 hours/months by Oct. 2009 [websitegear] Streaming video advertisement revenue is expected to rise from 1.37 billion dollars in 2008 to 4.5 billions in 2011 [masternewmedia]2008 20097/09 10/097/09 1/092008200920112010Video TrafficVideo UsersUsers’ TimeRevenue13% 27%81% 84.4%8.3 Hr 10.8 Hrs1.37B4.5B5of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisWhy Stream?Why Stream? Education: study from home World is flat Remote work and remote education(Live in Saudi Arabia and work in USA and vice versa) Remote video monitoring: E.g., oil and gas industry News and Entertainment: Netflix, YouTube, Vimeo, Metacafe, Hulu, Veoh6of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisStreaming Media RequirementsStreaming Media RequirementsQuality of Experience (QoE) Requirements Fast Start: Can delay showing the first frame 10s for non-interactive 2s for channel change Quick Response to User (VCR like) commands: Max 200 ms for interactive video/user Continuity Delay jitter <16 msRef: DSL Forum, "Triple Play Services Quality of Experience (QoE) requirements," Tech Report TR-126, Dec 2006.7of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisStreaming Media ChallengesStreaming Media Challenges Internet is designed for data All bits are equally important End of transmission is most important High throughput Loss is not acceptable Streaming Video: Media Differentiation: User control more important than media Voice is more important than video Certain objects in video are more important than others Continuity is important in presence of network Late arrivals hurt but early arrivals do not help.Starting fast is good but after that throughput does not help. Significant redundancy Some loss tolerable8of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisWireless ChallengesWireless Challenges Internet Protocols are designed for wired network Low loss Rate, Negligible error rate, fixed link capacity Wireless introduces new challenges: Low Bandwidth High loss rate Interference High error rate Bandwidth fluctuation with time Dynamic Adaptation Location dependent Bandwidth Air-time fairness Limited Battery Life Bursty transmission Mobility Smooth Handoff User Heterogeneity Smart phones, iPads/Laptops, TVs = 2" to 42" screens Customization9of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisResearch OpportunitiesResearch OpportunitiesCross-Layer ControlApplication: Content-aware + network-aware + device-aware {Coding, Resolution, Bit Rate, FEC}, Server Proxy, Server Replication, Scalable Coding, Multiple Descriptive CodingTransport: TCP-Friendly Rate Control, Media-aware Delay-constrained Retransmissions, Fast Start, Loss-error differentiation Network: Traffic differentiation, Media-aware {Buffering, Queuing, Dropping, deadline scheduling, Resource reservation}, Mobility, Multihoming, Media CachingMAC: Media-aware {Scheduling, connection admission control, Truncated ARQ}, Air-time fairness, Header Compression, Power Control PHY: Channel estimation, Channel dependent + Media-aware modulation and coding (FEC)10 of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. LouisOur Research ProjectsOur Research Projects1. Traffic modeling and prediction for video scheduling2. Scheduling for video streaming3. Wireless loss and error differentiation4. User mobility5. Data multihoming11 of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. Louis1. Simple Seasonal ARIMA (SAM) Model1. Simple Seasonal ARIMA (SAM) Model SAM is a time-series model that can predict future video frame size from recent past [Abdel-Karim Al-Tamimi’s Thesis] One set of parameters for all movies of a particular category Applies to MPEG4-Part 2, MPEG4-Part 10/AVC and SVC-TS Allows resource scheduling, and traffic generation for testing 50 Videos data available http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/sam/11Frame SizeFrame IndexLagAuto-Correlation Fn12 of 28©2011 Raj Jainhttp://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/talks/wcmn11.htmWashington University in St. Louis2. Scheduling Streaming Video over WiMAX2. Scheduling Streaming Video over WiMAX Used SAM as the traffic generator for Real-Time Polling Service (rtPS) class in WiMAX Compared 3 different schedulers: Earliest deadline first (EDF) A
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