TODAY: Society and Culture¾Race and Ethnicity¾Religion¾Culture¾Language¾Sports¾Music ¾LiteratureRace & Ethnicity• Colonial legacy of population holocaust, slavery, and miscegenation => complex map• Post-colonial migrations — much in 19th C¾Asian¾EuropeanCurrent spatial distributions• Current spatial distributions¾Afro-American (Latin Americans are “Americans,” too)Brazil, & Caribbean (Garifuna)¾AmerindianFormer high culture areas of Mesoamerica and AndesCurrent spatial distributions¾Mestizo¾Euro-AmericanRace in Latin America• Racial mixing • Racial “bleaching”• RacismRace in Latin America• “Social” races• Indigenismo & Negritude• Pigmentocracia• Chile/Argentina vs. Brazil/CubaCatholic Heritage ICatholic Heritage ISpanish Spanish CatholicCatholicroots roots SpiritualSpiritualconquest conquest ——an integral part of the an integral part of the conquest of the Americasconquest of the AmericasCatholic Heritage ICatholic Heritage ILegacyLegacyof Church’s history in Latin Americaof Church’s history in Latin AmericaIdentified with power/economic eliteIdentified with power/economic eliteReformReformin form of liberation theology => in form of liberation theology => oppression of the poor is a sinoppression of the poor is a sinCatholic Heritage IICatholic Heritage IIOverwhelminglyOverwhelminglypeople say “people say “soy soy CatholicoCatholico” ” = “I am a Catholic” = “I am a Catholic” church attendance is often lowchurch attendance is often lowBut presence is everywhere But presence is everywhere ““folkfolk” Catholicism ” Catholicism ——merging of Roman merging of Roman Catholic ritual and beliefs with indigenous Catholic ritual and beliefs with indigenous (Amerindian) beliefs(Amerindian) beliefsRoman Roman Catholic beliefs have merged with Catholic beliefs have merged with various African religious traditions in the various African religious traditions in the Caribbean and Brazil especiallyCaribbean and Brazil especiallyReligion: NonReligion: Non--CatholicCatholicHindu and Islam Hindu and Islam ——imported with imported with indentured labor to Suriname, Guiana, indentured labor to Suriname, Guiana, Trinidad & Tobago mostly (but minorities Trinidad & Tobago mostly (but minorities in all of the Caribbean)in all of the Caribbean)JudJudaismaism——accompanied 1st migrants from accompanied 1st migrants from Spain (Spain (conversosconversos))EvangelicalEvangelicalProtestants Protestants ——Protestants Protestants outlawed in Spanish/Portuguese colonial outlawed in Spanish/Portuguese colonial timestimesInterInter--Personal socioPersonal socio--cultural traitscultural traitsMachismo Machismo ——men in control of their lives men in control of their lives andandthe lives of others in their livesthe lives of others in their livesMarianismoMarianismo——roughly the inverse of roughly the inverse of machismo (from the idea that the ideal machismo (from the idea that the ideal woman resembles Mary in her virtue and woman resembles Mary in her virtue and purity)purity)Role conflict (e.g., Role conflict (e.g., casascasaschicaschicas))InterInter--Personal socioPersonal socio--cultural traitscultural traits““PersonalismoPersonalismo” ” ——much of social, much of social, economic, indeed all life in LA depends on economic, indeed all life in LA depends on social/family ties & personal spheres of social/family ties & personal spheres of influence and obligationinfluence and obligationGeography of Latin Geography of Latin American LanguagesAmerican LanguagesGeography of Latin Geography of Latin American LanguagesAmerican LanguagesGeography of Latin Geography of Latin American LanguagesAmerican LanguagesGeography of Latin Geography of Latin American LanguagesAmerican Languages•Accents: e.g., Chile, Argentina, CubaGeography of Latin Geography of Latin American SportAmerican SportFutbolFutbolGeography of Latin American SportGeography of Latin American Sport% who watch World Cup soccer games % who watch World Cup soccer games regularlyregularly(Source: (Source: LosLosMediosMediosyyMercadosMercadosdedeLatinoaméricaLatinoamérica19981998))Average 54%Average 54%Most between 40Most between 40--60%60%Brazil 81%Brazil 81%Costa Rica, El Salvador Guatemala over 60%Costa Rica, El Salvador Guatemala over 60%Nicaragua 7%Nicaragua 7%Bolivia 10%Bolivia 10%Peru 22%Peru 22%Paraguay 30%Paraguay 30%Dominican Republic 20%Dominican Republic 20%Geography of Latin Geography of Latin American MusicAmerican MusicSalsaSalsaAndeanAndeanRockRockSambaSambaBossa Bossa NovaNovaProtestProtestRequetonRequetonGeography in Latin Geography in Latin American LiteratureAmerican LiteraturePablo Pablo NerudaNeruda: Chile: ChileUlises EstrellaUlises Estrella: Ecuador: EcuadorGeography in Latin Geography in Latin American LiteratureAmerican LiteraturePablo Pablo NerudaNeruda: Chile: ChileUlises EstrellaUlises Estrella: Ecuador: