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Prof. Greg Francis 1/2/12 PSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 1 Purdue University Brain parts PSY 200 Greg Francis Lecture 02 What’s the deal with left and right brains? Purdue University The brain  The source of cognition (consider transplant!)  Weighs about 3 pounds  Damage to some parts result in immediate death or disability  Damage to other parts seems to have no effect!  What brain parts are important to cognition?  How do we discover the role of each brain part? Purdue University  Fore-brain  cortex  Hind-brain  brain stem) The brain Purdue University  Hind-brain  (brain stem) Limbic Lobe (sexual behavior, emotional behavior, memory) Cerebellum (muscle control, learning) Thalamus (sensory gateway, except smell) Hypothalamus (appetite, thirst, temperature, hormones) The brain Purdue University Fore-brain  Cortex  Similar to a thick, crumpled newspaper page  Grooves (fissures or sulci) separate regions Purdue University Fore-brain  Cortex  Similar to a thick, crumpled newspaper page  Grooves (fissures or sulci) separate regionsProf. Greg Francis 1/2/12 PSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 2 Purdue University Fore-brain  Cortex  Similar to a thick, crumpled newspaper page  Grooves (fissures or sulci) separate regions Purdue University Fore-brain  Cortex  Similar to a thick, crumpled newspaper page  Grooves (fissures or sulci) separate regions Purdue University Contralateral processing  Processing in the brain is done on the opposite side of your organs  Control of your right arm is from the left side of your brain  Information from your left field of view goes to the right side of your brain Purdue University Contralateral processing  Neural fibers from the eye cross on way to cortex Purdue University Contralateral processing  Brain hemispheres are connected by a mass of neural fibers called the corpus callosum Purdue University Cut corpus callosum  Behavior changes very little  Subtle effects http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMLzP1VCANoProf. Greg Francis 1/2/12 PSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 3 Purdue University Brain sides  If “nut” flashes on left screen  subject cannot name it  subject can pick up nut with left hand  If “nut” flashes on right side  subject can name it  subject cannot pick up nut with left hand until he says “nut” out loud 1981 Nobel Prize for Roger Sperry! Purdue University Brain sides  Results led to further study and common belief that  Left side: language, analytical, classification, Western rationalization  Right side: art, music, recognition of faces and shapes, Eastern mysticism  Vast oversimplification  in a normal brain, both sides are involved in many tasks  Results do support the idea that different parts of the brain are involved in different cognitive tasks (modularity hypothesis) Purdue University CogLab  In the CogLab experiment Brain asymmetry  You saw a pair of chimeric faces and were asked to choose which one looked younger Time Purdue University Chimeric faces  The faces were made by taking a normal face and an artificially aged face Purdue University Chimeric faces  Take opposite halves of the faces Purdue University Chimeric faces  Put them together, and make the other face by flipping it  Thus, both faces are mirror images, they contain the same informationProf. Greg Francis 1/2/12 PSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 4 Purdue University CogLab  If you stare at the middle of face, the information on the left goes to the right hemisphere  which is supposed to be better able to deal with face information than the left hemisphere  So the information on the left side of the face should dominate the face decision  This face should look relatively young Purdue University CogLab  If you stare at the middle of face, the information on the left goes to the right hemisphere  which is supposed to be better able to deal with face information than the left hemisphere  So the information on the left side of the face should dominate the face decision  This face should look relatively old Purdue University CogLab  So, we would expect people with brain asymmetries would usually choose as younger, the face that has the younger half on the left side  Left handed people typically do not show as much brain asymmetry effects as right handed people  Thus, we can look for differences between left and right handed people  We expect right handed people to select the face with the younger image on the left more often than left handed people Purdue University CogLab  Here is the data average for the class  191 right handed people  15 left handed people  In the right direction, but a small effect Left handed Right handed Percentage of choices with younger face on left 50.95 56.13 Purdue University CogLab  Here is the data average for the global data set  16,056 right handed people  1676 left handed people  Some evidence of a very weak effect Left handed Right handed Percentage of choices with younger face on left 56.4 57.2 Purdue University Anatomy  The cortex contains large fissures that separate five major areas  Limbic (already discussed)  Occipital  Parietal  Temporal  Frontal  Each has distinct propertiesProf. Greg Francis 1/2/12 PSY 200: Intro. to Cognitive Psychology 5 Purdue University Occipital lobe  Receives information from the eye  Most investigated area of the brain Purdue University Parietal lobe Primary sensory area  Sensations of pain, temperature, touch, pressure Purdue University Parietal lobe  Primary sensory area  sensitivity involves disproportionate areas of the brain, relative to size of body part Purdue University Temporal lobe  Hearing  speech (left)  music (right)  Memory and attention  visual recognition Purdue University Frontal lobe  Largest part of cortex  planning  prediction  motor area  speech area Purdue University Broadman areas  Divide lobes into areas  e.g. Broadman  Area 1, Area 12, … Area 200  Some special names: V1, V2,


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Purdue PSY 20000 - Lecture Notes

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