WFB 232 Ichthyology - general review outlineThe final exam will focus on material covered in the last third of the semester; however, I will alsoask some general questions about taxonomy of fishes:What are the major taxonomic classifications of fishes; how many classes, orders, species of fishes are there?Name an order that has certain characteristics (light production? Deep-sea species? Conserved morphology?)Give common name, or identifying characteristics, of a few orders among a set of choicesKnow which orders are older vs more recent, and the primitive vs. advanced characteristics Review the two orders that you were assignedI will also ask a small number of questions that involve topics covered earlier in the semester – anatomy, physiology (buoyancy, osmoregulation, respiration) and sensory systems (vision, hearing, olfaction, acoustic-lateralis system). In particular, go over internal anatomy (recalling thedissection done during class just before the second midterm).Reproduction, developmentanatomy of reproductive systemtiming and location of spawning reproductive effort - fecundity, onset of reproduction, frequency of reproductiontypes of reproduction and investment in reproduction (non-guarders, guarders, live-bearers; male vs female parental care)developmental stages (egg, larvae, juvenile, adult)reproductive strategiesparthenogenesishermaphroditism - simultaneous and sequentialmale alternate strategies – basses (satellite males, SF males), salmons (jacks)GeneticsHybridogenesis – how does it work?polyploids (natural and artificial); triploids and sterility – why are triploids sterile? What taxa have natural polyploids? How does polyploidy occur?Behaviororientation to environmenttaxes: photo, geo, chemo, thigmo, rheo, electro, magnetodifference between taxis and kinesismigrations – motivations for different types for feeding, breeding, overwinteringdaily, seasonal, lifetime; vertical vs. horizontaldiadromy - anadromy, catadromy, amphidromypotamodromyoceanodromyIntraspecific behaviors:schooling – difference between aggregations, shoals, schoolsmotivation for schooling - feeding, spawning, predator protection, migrationfeeding - types; optimal foragingsocial behaviors and cooperative behaviorsinterspecific behaviors – what taxa are involved, who benefits?feeding aggregations, reproduction, sheltermutualistic, commensal, and parasitic relationshipscleaning behaviorsHabitatsTerminology of the different portions of marine and freshwater habitatscoastal, continental shelf, pelagic (epi, meso, bathypelagic)benthic, demersal, littoral, pelagiclentic vs loticchallenges presented by different aquatic habitatsdifferent uses of each habitat (ontogenetic, daily, seasonal)Zoogeographywhat affects distribution of fishes - freshwater and marineplate tectonicsdrainage basinsglaciationtemperature and salinity barrierszoogeographic