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MCCCD EMT 104 - Lecture notes

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Class 23 (Pediatric Emergencies) Ch31 & Ch32Airway DifferencesBreathing DifferencesCirculation DifferencesSkeletal DifferencesGrowth and DevelopmentInfantToddlerPreschoolSchool AgeAdolescentFamily MattersPediatric Emergencies (1 of 3)Pediatric Emergencies (2 of 3)Pediatric Emergencies (3 of 3)Physical DifferencesPsychological DifferencesInjury Patterns: Automobile CollisionsInjury Patterns: Sports ActivitiesHead InjuriesChest InjuriesAbdominal InjuriesInjuries to the ExtremitiesBurnsSubmersion InjuryChild AbuseQuestions Regarding Signs of Abuse (1 of 4)Questions Regarding Signs of Abuse (2 of 4)Questions Regarding Signs of Abuse (3 of 4)Questions Regarding Signs of Abuse (4 of 4)Signs of Child AbuseEmergency Medical CareSexual AbuseSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)Tasks at SceneAssessment and ManagementCommunication and SupportScene AssessmentApparent Life-Threatening EventDeath of a Child (1 of 2)Death of a Child (2 of 2)Children With Special NeedsTracheostomy TubeArtificial VentilatorsCentral IV LinesGastrostomy TubesShunts32: Pediatric Assessment and ManagementPediatric Assessment and ManagementScene Size-upInitial AssessmentPediatric Assessment TriangleAssessing the ABCsTransport DecisionFocused History and Physical ExamVital Signs by AgeRespirationsPulseBlood PressureSkin SignsDetailed Physical Exam and Ongoing AssessmentCare of the Pediatric Airway (1 of 2)Care of the Pediatric Airway (2 of 2)Oropharyngeal AirwaysNasopharyngeal Airways (1 of 2)Nasopharyngeal Airways (2 of 2)Assessing VentilationOxygen Delivery DevicesBVM DevicesOne-rescuer BVM VentilationAirway ObstructionSigns and SymptomsSigns of Severe Airway ObstructionRemoving a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (1 of 5)Removing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (2 of 5)Removing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (3 of 5)Removing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (4 of 5)Removing a Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (5 of 5)Management of Airway Obstruction in InfantsNeonatal ResuscitationNeonatal EquipmentAdditional EffortsBLS ReviewDetermine ResponsivenessAirwayBreathingCirculationInfant CPR (1 of 2)Infant CPR (2 of 2)Child CPR (1 of 2)Child CPR (2 of 2)AED Use in Children (1 of 2)AED Use in Children (2 of 2)Trauma (1 of 2)Trauma (2 of 2)ImmobilizationRemoving a Child from a Child Safety SeatSigns and Symptoms of Respiratory EmergenciesEmergency CareShockAssessing CirculationEmergency Medical Care for ShockSeizuresFebrile SeizuresEmergency Medical Care of Seizures (1 of 2)Emergency Medical Care of Seizures (2 of 2)DehydrationEmergency Medical Care for DehydrationClass 23 (Pediatric Emergencies)Ch31 & Ch32Airway Differences•Larger tongue relative to the mouth•Larger epiglottis •Less well-developed rings of cartilage in the trachea•Narrower, lower airwayBreathing Differences•Infants breathe faster than children or adults.•Infants use the diaphragm when they breathe.•Sustained, labored breathing may lead to respiratory failure.Circulation Differences•The heart rate increases for illness and injury.•Vasoconstriction keeps vital organs nourished.•Constriction of the blood vessels can affect blood flow to the extremities.Skeletal Differences•Bones are weaker and more flexible.–They are prone to fracture with stress.•Infants have two small openings in the skull called fontanels.–Fontanels close by 18 months.Growth and Development•Thoughts and behaviors of children usually grouped into stages–Infancy–Toddler years–Preschool age–School age–AdolescenceInfant•First year of life•They respond mainly to physical stimuli.•Crying is a way of expression.•They may prefer to be with caregiver.•If possible, have caregiver hold the infant as you start your examination.Toddler•1 to 3 years of age•They begin to walk and explore the environment.•They may resist separation from caregivers.•Make any observations you can before touching a toddler.•They are curious and adventuresome.Preschool•3 to 6 years of age•They can use simple language effectively.•They can understand directions.•They can identify painful areas when questioned.•They can understand when you explain what you are going to do using simple descriptions.•They can be distracted by using toys.School Age•6 to 12 years of age•They begin to think like adults.•They can be included with the parent when taking medical history.•They may be familiar with physical exam.•They may be able to make choices.Adolescent•12 to 18 years of age•They are very concerned about body image.•They may have strong feelings about being observed.•Respect an adolescent’s privacy.•They understand pain.•Explain any procedure that you are doing.Family Matters•When a child is ill or injured, you have several patients, not just one.•Caregivers often need support when medical emergencies develop.•Children often mimic the behavior of their caregivers.•Be calm, professional, and sensitive.Pediatric Emergencies (1 of 3)•Dehydration–Vomiting and diarrhea–Greater risk than adults•Fever–Rarely life threatening–Caution if occurring with rashPediatric Emergencies (2 of 3)•Meningitis is an inflammation of the tissue that covers the spinal cord and brain. •Caused by an infection•If left untreated can lead to brain damage or death.Pediatric Emergencies (3 of 3)•Febrile seizures–Common between 6 months and 6 years–Last less than 15 minutes•Poisoning–Signs and symptoms vary widely.–Determine what substances were involved.Physical Differences•Children and adults suffer different injuries from the same type of incident.•Children’s bones are less developed than an adult’s. •A child’s head is larger than an adult’s, which greatly stresses the neck in deceleration injuries.Psychological Differences•Children are not as psychologically mature.•They are often injured due to their undeveloped judgment and lack of experience.Injury Patterns: Automobile Collisions•The exact area of impact will depend on the child’s height.•A car bumper dips down when stopping suddenly, causing a lower point of impact.•Children often sustain high-energy injuries.Injury Patterns: Sports Activities•Head and neck injuries can occur from high-speed collisions during contact sports.•Immobilize the cervical spine.•Follow local protocols for helmet removal.Head Injuries•Common injury among children•The head is larger in proportion to an adult.•Nausea and vomiting are signs of pediatric head


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MCCCD EMT 104 - Lecture notes

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